【摘要】 以二倍体不结球白菜‘绿星’L033为试验材料，采用0.2%(m/V)秋水仙素水溶液在子叶期对茎尖分生组织进行诱导处理，结合形态学和细胞学检测筛选同源四倍体植株，并系统比较其与二倍体植株的营养品质差异。结果表明：与二倍体植株相比，四倍体植株的花器官、花及角果增大，植株开展度和叶片缩小，种子大小无显著差异；四倍体植株的气孔明显变大且密度减小，花粉形态不规则。四倍体植株的染色体数目和DNA荧光强度均为二倍体植株的2倍。四倍体‘绿星’的纤维素含量、叶绿素含量和游离氨基酸含量比二倍体‘绿星’分别显著提高了132.35%、34.66%和21.17%，硝态氮含量、可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白含量分别提高了0.24%、12.43%和1.92%。与二倍体‘绿星’相比，四倍体‘绿星’的株高、单株质量、十叶厚、叶长/宽、叶柄长/宽和全株叶片数均有不同程度下降，而叶柄厚度和单叶质量分别提高了9.10%和4.54%，净光合速率显著提升。本研究获得了株型矮化、紧凑的四倍体‘绿星’，创制了新的不结球白菜种质资源，同时证明了秋水仙素诱导植物基因组加倍对营养器官的“巨大化”效应并非绝对，为不结球白菜种质资源创新提供了新思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 Using the diploid non-heading Chinese cabbage ’Lvxing’ L033 as the experimental material,the growth point of shoot tip was treated with 0. 2%(m/V) colchicine aqueous solution at the cotyledon stage. The autotetraploid was identified by morphological and cytological methods,and the nutritional quality of diploid and tetraploid plants was compared. The results showed that the floral organs,flowers and siliques of tetraploid plants were larger than those of diploid plants,but the plant expansion and leaves tended to become smaller,and there was no significant difference in seed size. The stomata of tetraploid plants became significantly larger and the stomatal density decreased,and the pollen shape changed irregularly. The number of chromosomes and the DNA fluorescence intensity in tetraploid plants were twice that in diploid plants. Compared with the diploid,the content of cellulose,chlorophyll and total free amino acids of autotetraploid was significantly increased by 132. 35%,34. 66% and 21. 17%,respectively,while the content of nitrate nitrogen,soluble sugar and soluble protein was increased by 0. 24%,12. 43% and 1. 92%,respectively. Compared with the diploid,the plant height,weight per plant,ten-leaf thickness,leaf length/width,petiole length/width and leaf number of autotetraploid decreased to varying degrees,while the petiole thickness and single leaf weight increased by 9. 10% and 4. 54%,respectively,and the net photosynthetic rate increased significantly. In this study,a dwarfed and compact tetraploid ’Lvxing’was obtained,and a new non-heading Chinese cabbage germplasm resource was created. It was also proved that colchicine did not absolutely cause the “gigantic” of vegetative organs in the doubling process of plant genome,providing new ideas for the innovation of non-heading Chinese cabbage germplasm resources..更多还原