【摘要】 社会工作伦理决策过程中往往需要社会工作者论证合理理由来证明其行为的正当性。共识伦理决策工具，明确具体情境下的决策实践路径，帮助社会工作者对服务行为做出合理性论证已成为社会工作专业发展日益迫切的需求。在行业对伦理原则与准则尚未形成广泛共识的当下，实践智慧的价值尤为关键。本文构建了“决策工具—实践智慧”的两维框架，根据伦理决策四阶段模型发展了社会工作伦理实践五阶段过程模式，强调通过社会工作者的直觉判断和反思判断，在良好道德品质的基础上，将普遍的原则、一般性准则与具体情境结合，敏锐地感知和理解特定情境的复杂性，以及社会、文化和情感因素对伦理决策的影响，寻求无法合理拒绝的理由，产生伦理决策行为，以便更好地保护自己和专业免受道德攻击，并最终回应服务对象的需要，实现服务质量的有效提升。更多还原

【Abstract】 Social work ethical decision-making necessitates that social workers provide well-reasoned justifications for the legitimacy of their actions. In China,the localization of social work ethical decision-making presents a dual challenge. First,there exists a significant tension between Western ethical decision-making tools and Chinese cultural traditions such as“family-state isomorphism,”“differential mode of association”and“ritual-based society.”The lack of culturally appropriate ethical decisionmaking tools has become an increasingly pressing issue. Second,individuals in China navigate within a framework of intricate relationships,yet they face a notable absence of effective guidance for ethical decision-making in specific,practical contexts. As a result,there is a critical need for consensus-based ethical decision-making tools that not only clarify practical pathways for decision-making in specific situations but also empower social workers to construct robust arguments for service behaviors. Currently,given the absence of collective agreement on social work ethical principles and norms,the role of practical wisdom becomes particularly prominent.This paper introduces a two-dimensional framework combining “decisionmaking tools”with“practical wisdom”and develops a four-stage model of social work ethical practice grounded in the established Four-Stage Ethical DecisionMaking Framework. It underscores the importance of integrating social workers’ intuitive and reflective judgments with universal principles and norms within specific contexts. This approach equips practitioners to perceptively recognize and understand the complexities of particular situations,as well as the impact of societal,cultural,and emotional factors on ethical decision-making. By identifying reasons that others cannot reasonably contest,the model supports the formulation of final ethical decisions that safeguard both practitioners and the profession from moral scrutiny while ultimately fulfilling the needs of service recipients and enhancing service quality.Looking ahead,efforts must be redoubled to establish consensus on localized ethical principles and develop ethical codes. Through case teaching and practice supervision,the moral qualities,moral sensitivity,and capacities for ethical reflection and reasoning among social workers can be systematically cultivated,thereby fostering the continuous advancement of social work ethical research,teaching,and practice in China.更多还原