【摘要】 水流挟沙力对河流泥沙输移计算有着重要影响。自2000年小浪底水库运行以来，黄河下游水沙关系变化，低含沙洪水频发，新情势下水流挟沙力计算方法还未做出相应完善。本文以挟沙水流基本方程和能量守恒理论为出发点，推导出了可以应用在黄河下游的水流挟沙力公式。基于河床冲淤判别指标，筛选出黄河下游2000—2010年360组冲淤相对平衡的水沙数据，率定了公式中的相关参数。采用2011—2022年黄河下游208组冲淤相对平衡的水沙数据对公式的可靠性、适用性进行了检验，结果表明该公式计算值与实测值接近，可较为准确地估算黄河下游的输沙能力。利用171组发表的水沙数据，与经典的水流挟沙力公式进行了对比分析，结果显示本文公式计算结果相对最优。该公式的结构形式简单，计算精度较高，适用于目前黄河下游低含沙条件下的挟沙力估算，可为实际河道治理和河床演变分析提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 How to determine the sediment carrying capacity of water flow significantly influences the calculations of sediment transport in rivers. Since the operation of the Xiaolangdi reservoir in 2000, low sediment concentration floods have occurred frequently in its lower reach, and changes in flow-sediment relationship have emerged, yet the existing methods for sediment carrying capacity calculation remain unimproved under these new conditions. Starting from the energy conservation theory, this study derives a formula for calculating sediment carrying capacity. By the criteria for channel erosion and deposition, we calibrate its parameters using 360 sets of relatively balanced flow-sediment data selected from the 2000-2010 records of the lower Yellow. And, additional 208 sets of balanced water-sediment data of 2011-2022 are used to validate its reliability and applicability. Results demonstrate the calculations align closely with measurements, confirming the formula’s accuracy in estimating this reach’s sediment transport capacity. A comparative analysis with classical sediment carrying capacity formulas, using 171 published water-sediment datasets, highlights the superiority of our new formula in application to low sediment concentration conditions. It is simple in structural form and enjoys a relatively high calculation accuracy; It is applicable to estimating the capacity of sediment transport in a low sediment river such as the lower Yellow, useful in practical river channel management and riverbed evolution analysis.更多还原