【摘要】 本文基于开源计算流体力学平台OpenFOAM的waves2Foam造波工具箱，建立二维数值波浪水槽，模拟不规则波条件下牡蛎礁生态护底的波浪传播特性。采用VoF方法捕捉自由液面，结合k-ωSST湍流模型解析近壁流动与能量耗散过程。通过与物理模型试验数据对比，验证了数值模型在波浪传播特性上的可靠性。在此基础上，系统分析曲率粗糙度系数C_r、入射波高H_s及礁坪水深h_r对波浪衰减性能的影响规律。结果表明，粗糙度是控制波浪衰减的关键因素，当C_r>0.2时，不规则波条件下的波浪透射系数较光滑底面降低37%～42%；入射波高增加可显著增强消能效果，而较大的礁坪水深h_r则削弱粗糙面的能量耗散作用。研究结果可为牡蛎礁生态护底结构的优化设计及海岸防护工程应用提供量化参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 A two-dimensional numerical wave flume was developed using the open-source computational fluid dynamics platform OpenFOAM and its waves2Foam wave generation toolbox to simulate wave propagation over oyster reef ecological bottom protection under both regular and irregular wave conditions. The Volume of Fluid(VoF) method was employed to capture the free surface, while the k-ω SST turbulence model was used to resolve near-wall flow and energy dissipation processes. The model’s reliability in reproducing wave propagation characteristics was verified through comparison with physical model experiments. Parametric analyses were then conducted to examine the effects of curvature-based roughness coefficient(C_r), incident wave height(H_s), and reef flat water depth(h_r) on wave attenuation performance. Results show that roughness is the key factor controlling wave dissipation: when C_r> 0.2, the wave transmission coefficient under irregular waves decreases by 37%–42% compared with a smooth bed. Higher incident wave heights markedly enhance energy dissipation, whereas greater reef flat water depth weakens the dissipation effect of the rough surface. These findings provide quantitative guidance for optimizing the design of oyster reef ecological bottom protection structures and their application in coastal defense engineering.更多还原