【摘要】 基于1981—2021年黑龙江玉米主产区气象数据、玉米发育期及产量资料，选取极大风速和土壤相对湿度2个要素，采用置信区间估计方法构建黑龙江玉米主产区不同区域玉米收获适宜风速和土壤水分临界值，并分析玉米成熟后降水及秋季温度影响。结果表明：（1）研究区不同站点适宜玉米收获的日极大风速临界值W₀为8.3～13.5 m·s^-1,土壤相对湿度M₀为71%～94%,日极大风速不超过W₀、土壤相对湿度不超过M₀适宜玉米收获，所建指标能较好指示黑龙江玉米收获风速和土壤水分适宜程度。（2）玉米成熟后至10月20日的主要收获期，单日降水量在23.0 mm以下的降水天气适宜收获玉米。（3）秋季平均气温、最高气温、最低气温分别与玉米株籽粒重呈显著相关关系（P<0.01或P<0.05）,在一定温度范围内，随着秋季温度的升高，玉米株籽粒重呈增加趋势，秋季温度条件对玉米成熟为正效应作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the meteorological data, maize growth period and yield data of the main maize producing areas in Heilongjiang from 1981 to 2021, extreme wind speed and relative soil moisture are selected and their corresponding critical values suitable for maize harvest are constructed in different parts of the main maize producing areas in Heilongjiang by using the confidence interval estimation method. At the same time, this paper explores and analyzes the impact of precipitation and autumn temperature after the maize matures. The results are as follows.（1） The critical value of suitable daily extreme wind speed W₀ is between 8.3 and 13.5 m·s^-1, the suitable relative soil moisture M₀ between 71% and 94% at different stations in the study area, and the daily extreme wind speed equal to or smaller than W₀ and the relative soil moisture equal to or smaller than M₀ are suitable for maize harvest. The established indicators can better indicate the suitability of extreme wind speed and soil moisture for maize harvest in Heilongjiang.（2） During the main harvest period between the maturity of maize and 20 October, it is suitable for maize harvest in rainy weather with daily precipitation below 23.0 mm.（3） There is a significant correlation（P<0.01 or P<0.05） between the autumn average/maximum/minimum temperature and the grain weight of maize per plant, respectively. Within a certain temperature range, the grain weight of maize per plant shows an increasing trend as the autumn temperature rises, which indicates that higher autumn temperature has a positive effect on the maturity of maize.更多还原