【摘要】 利用山东1961—2022年116个国家级气象观测站6—8月逐日最高气温、最低气温、平均相对湿度的观测数据，对山东日间型、夜间型和复合型高湿度热浪过程出现次数、持续时间、平均强度、平均相对湿度等指标的时空分布和变化特征进行研究。结果表明：(1)山东各类型热浪空间分布差异明显，日间型热浪出现次数呈“西多东少”分布，夜间型呈“南多北少”分布，复合型呈“鲁南多、半岛少”的空间分布特征，大部分地区各类型热浪过程平均持续时间均不超过4.5 d,中西部大部分地区复合型热浪过程平均强度超过8.0℃,各地夜间型热浪平均相对湿度明显高于日间型和复合型热浪，平均相对湿度普遍在76%以上。(2)山东各类型热浪过程主要出现在7月，6月以日间型热浪为主且持续时间最长，相对湿度最小，7月和8月均以复合型热浪平均持续时间最长，各类型热浪平均相对湿度均以8月最高，各月以夜间型热浪平均相对湿度最高。(3)山东日间型热浪平均相对湿度呈显著减小趋势；夜间型和复合型热浪出现次数、平均持续时间、平均强度等均呈显著增多、增强趋势。(4)山东日间型热浪出现站数呈不显著减少的变化特征，夜间型、复合型热浪出现站数均呈显著增多趋势。1990s中期前后，夜间型、复合型热浪出现站数明显增多。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the observation data of daily maximum/minimum temperature and daily relative humidity from 116 national meteorological stations in Shandong between June and August from 1961 to 2022, the spatiotemporal distributions and variations of three types of heat waves, including daytime type, nighttime type and compound type, are analyzed using the total number, average duration, average intensity and average relative humidity indices. The results are as follows.(1) The spatial distributions of the three types are significantly different, because the daytime type is more in the west and less in the east of Shandong, the nighttime type is more in the south and less in the north of Shandong, and the compound type is more in the south of Shandong and less in Shandong Peninsula. The average duration of the three types is less than 4.5 d in most areas of Shandong. The average intensity of the compound type is higher than 8.0 ℃ in the west and middle of Shandong. The average relative humidity of the nighttime type is obviously larger than that of the daytime and nighttime types, with the average relative humidity commonly over 76%.(2) The three types of heat waves mainly occur in July. In June, it is mainly the daytime type and its duration is the longest, accompanied with the lowest relative humidity. Both in July and August, the average duration of the compound type is the longest. The average relative humidity is the highest in August for all the three types, and the average relative humidity of the nighttime type is the highest among three months.(3) The average relative humidity of the daytime type in Shandong shows a significantly decreasing trend, while the total number, average duration and average intensity of the nighttime and compound types display a significantly increasing trend.(4) The number of stations with the daytime type presents an insignificantly decreasing trend, but the number of stations with the nighttime and compound types reveals a significantly increasing trend. Around the mid-1990s, the nighttime and compound types obviously increased.更多还原