【摘要】 随着锂离子电池在储能领域的广泛应用，由其热失控引发的火灾事故日益频发，亟需对此类安全风险开展系统性研究。针对户外工商业储能柜内锂离子电池的热失控，研究了储能柜内电池组火灾蔓延情况及全氟己酮灭火系统对锂电池火灾的抑制效果。利用PyroSim软件构建1∶1的储能柜三维模型，通过仿真模拟了储能柜内的温度分布和烟气扩散规律。结果显示，在储能柜底部电池发生火灾时，电池产生的高温会迅速引燃上部电池，最高温度可达778℃，同时烟气逐渐充满整个储能柜，且火源位置可燃电池组的增加会使火灾蔓延速度更迅速。为抑制火灾发展，引入全氟己酮灭火系统，研究结果表明，全氟己酮灭火系统在喷雾流量为3 L/min、雾滴直径为50μm、喷头活化温度为120℃时，可显著降低储能柜内温度，有效控制火灾蔓延，减少因电池火灾蔓延产生的危害，仿真结果为储能柜的安全设计与防护提供了参考依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the wide application of lithium-ion batteries in the energy storage field, fire accidents caused by their thermal runaway are increasingly frequent, and systematic research on such safety risks is urgently needed. Aiming at the thermal runaway of lithiumion batteries in outdoor industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets, the fire spread of battery packs inside the cabinets and the suppression effect of perfluorohexanone fire-extinguishing systems on lithium battery fires were studied. A 1∶1 three-dimensional model of the energy storage cabinet was constructed using PyroSim software, and the temperature distribution and smoke diffusion law inside the cabinet were simulated through simulations. The results showed that when a fire occurred in the batteries at the bottom of the energy storage cabinet, the high temperature generated by the batteries would quickly ignite the upper batteries, with the maximum temperature reaching 778 ℃; meanwhile, smoke gradually filled the entire energy storage cabinet, and the increase in combustible battery packs at the fire source position accelerated the fire spread speed. To suppress fire development, a perfluorohexanone fire-extinguishing system was introduced. The research results indicated that when the perfluorohexanone fire-extinguishing system had a spray flow rate of 3 L/min, a droplet diameter of 50 μm, and a sprinkler activation temperature of 120 ℃, it could significantly reduce the temperature inside the energy storage cabinet, effectively control fire spread, and reduce the hazards caused by battery fire spread. The simulation results provided a reference basis for the safety design and protection of energy storage cabinets.更多还原