【摘要】 为克服传统人工采捕模式存在的效率低、劳动强度大等问题对滩涂贝类产业发展的制约，推动该产业向现代化转型，系统梳理了国内外滩涂贝类机械化采捕技术与装备的最新进展。研究发现，当前主流采捕技术包括水力冲刷、机械振动筛分以及“筛-刷”协同等，其中“筛-刷”技术通过翻转钢刷与双层振动筛的组合，实现挖掘、分离与输送的高效协同；在装备研发方面，履带式自走平台与船载一体化装备并行发展，并逐步集成清洗、分级及在线处理等功能，以适应多样化作业场景需求。然而，在复杂滩涂环境下的装备适应性、贝类损伤控制机制以及系统自动化水平仍是当前面临的主要技术瓶颈。未来技术发展应聚焦高效低损、精准智能、专用系列化与模块多能化等方向，进一步深化“机械-底质-贝类”互作机理研究，结合多源感知与自适应控制、柔性仿生部件及标准化模块平台等关键技术，构建高效、环保、可持续的现代化采捕装备体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 To overcome the constraints imposed on the development of the intertidal shellfish industry by issues such as low efficiency and high labor intensity inherent in the traditional manual harvesting mode, and to promote the modernization transformation of this industry, the latest advancements in mechanized harvesting technologies and equipment for intertidal shellfish at home and abroad were systematically reviewed. It was found in the study that the current mainstream harvesting technologies include hydraulic flushing, mechanical vibration screening, and "screening-brushing" coordination. Among these, the "screening-brushing" technology achieves efficient synergy in excavation, separation, and transportation through the combination of reversible steel brushes and double-layer vibrating screens. In terms of equipment research and development, crawler-type self-propelled platforms and ship-mounted integrated equipment have been developed in parallel, and functions such as cleaning, grading, and on-line processing have been gradually integrated to meet the needs of diverse operating scenarios. However, the main technical bottlenecks currently faced still lie in the equipment adaptability under complex tidal flat environments, the shellfish damage control mechanism, and the level of system automation. Future technological development should focus on directions such as high efficiency with low damage, precision and intelligence, specialized serialization, and modular multi-functionality. Further in-depth research should be conducted on the interaction mechanism among "machinery-sediment-shellfish". By integrating key technologies such as multi-source perception and adaptive control, flexible bionic components, and standardized modular platforms, a modern harvesting equipment system characterized by high efficiency, environmental friendliness, and sustainability should be constructed.更多还原