【摘要】 四川天车是用于井盐生产的高耸木构,起源于汉代、成熟于清代。其高可达百米,以杉木和竹篾为主材,通过绑扎技术形成A字形塔桅结构,在全球木构史上独具特色。文章综合利用人类学田野调查和工程力学方法,首次揭示天车得以营造百米高的三项核心工艺原理：自锁结构、摩擦传力与空心圆柱结构法;并客观分析其倒龙榫易折断、柱径受限等工艺短板。文章进一步将天车与以跨度见长的编木拱桥及其他传统高耸木构进行受力原理对比,揭示出一种深植于地方产业需求、迥异于官式主流木构体系的高耸木构技术体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Sichuan Tianche(well derrick)is a kind of tall timber structure used in well-salt production,originating from the Han Dynasty and maturing during the Qing Dynasty.Capable of reaching heights of up to 100 meters,it is primarily constructed of fir logs and bamboo ropes,forming a unique A-shaped tower and mast structure through traditional binding techniques,representing a distinctive form in global architectural history.This study employs a combined approach of anthropological fieldwork and engineering mechanics to reveal,for the first time,three core craft principles enabling its exceptional height:self-locking structure,frictional force transmission,and hollow cylindrical columns.The study also objectively addresses technical limitations such as the fragility of the daolong-tenon and constraints in column diameter.Furthermore,by comparing the structural mechanics of Tianche with spanoriented woven timber arch bridges and other traditional tall timber structures,this paper reveals a tall timber technical system deeply rooted in local industrial needs,which differs significantly from the mainstream o fficial-style timber structural system.This research serves as an important supplement to the knowledge of timber structures both in China and globally.更多还原