【摘要】 随着深空探测任务的不断推进和月球基地建设的深入开展，月球水冰的原位提取技术成为实现资源自给、降低运输成本、保障长期驻留的重要途径。月球永久阴影区被认为是水冰最可能赋存的区域，但受限于月壤导热性极低、真空环境下存在升华损失以及会形成隔热层等因素，水冰高效提取仍面临巨大挑战。系统回顾了月壤水冰升华现象的物理机制与实验模拟方法，梳理了当前主流的原位加热提取方法，包括插入式加热、微波加热和太阳光加热技术的研究进展与应用前景。重点分析了升华滞后效应对提取效率的影响，并探讨了文献中提出的低温恒温加热策略、水冰粒径与热场耦合模型以及设备布局优化等研究方向。在此基础上，展望了未来月球原位资源利用系统的发展趋势，并强调需加强升华现象与实际月壤特性的耦合建模及地面环境模拟实验的验证，以推动水冰提取技术向高效、可持续方向发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 As deep space exploration missions progress and lunar base construction advances, in-situ lunar water ice extraction technologies have become pivotal for achieving resource self-sufficiency, reducing transportation costs, and supporting long-term lunar habitation. The permanently shadowed regions at the lunar poles are considered the most promising areas for water ice accumulation. However, the efficient extraction of water ice remains a significant challenge due to factors such as the extremely low thermal conductivity of lunar regolith, sublimation losses in the vacuum environment, and the formation of insulating layers. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the physical mechanisms governing the sublimation behavior of lunar water ice and the associated experimental simulation techniques. It also outlines the current state of in-situ heating extraction methods, including insertion heating, microwave heating, and solar heating, while highlighting the research progress and application potential of these approaches. A particular focus is placed on the impact of sublimation delay effects on extraction efficiency, with discussions on low-temperature isothermal heating strategies, the coupling of ice grain size with thermal field models, and the optimization of equipment layout. Based on this review, the paper offers insights into the future development trends of in-situ resource utilization systems for the Moon and emphasizes the need for enhanced coupling models of sublimation behavior with the actual properties of lunar regolith, as well as validation through ground-based environmental simulation experiments. These efforts are essential for advancing water ice extraction technologies toward greater efficiency and sustainability.更多还原