【摘要】 近地小行星的自转轴指向和形状参数是研究其形成和演化历史，以及进行原位空间探测的关键参考信息。随着我国时域天文和深空探测技术的不断发展，越来越多的高校和科研机构正积极建设观测基础设施，这些设施也为近地小行星的观测研究提供了重要支持。通过建立日-地-小行星物理动力学模型，考虑不同三轴椭球形状的近地小行星，利用模拟光变曲线的数据，研究反演小行星自转轴和形状所需的参数空间。通过Lomb-Scargle和相位离散最小化方法从光变曲线中提取周期图，并构建了基于小行星反演技术的参数全局拟合流程。结果表明，测光精度为0.001时，4～6条光变曲线覆盖10°的太阳相位角即可完成反演；测光精度为0.010时，需要8～10条光变曲线覆盖20°的太阳相位角；测光精度为0.100时，建议先进行连续观测以覆盖多个完整的自转周期，随后通过稀疏观测进一步扩展太阳相位角范围以确认反演结果。此外，对于短轴近似相等的小行星，所需的太阳相位角范围可适当放宽。为利用光变曲线数据反演近地小行星提供了参考，同时为我国现有和建设中的地面和空间望远镜提供观测近地小天体的方法指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 The spin-axis orientation and shape parameters of near-Earth asteroids are critical reference information for studying their formation and evolutionary history, as well as for conducting in-situ space exploration. With the continuous advancements in time-domain astronomy and deep-space exploration technologies in China, an increasing number of universities and research institutions are actively constructing observational facilities which can support near-Earth asteroid observation and research. In this study, a sun-Earth-asteroid physical and dynamical model was established, considering near-Earth asteroids with different triaxial ellipsoid shapes. Simulated light curve data were utilized to investigate the parameter space necessary for inverting the spin-axis orientation and shape of asteroids. Periodograms were extracted from the light curves using the Lomb-Scargle and phase dispersion minimization methods, and a global fitting procedure for asteroid inversion parameters was developed. The results show that with a photometric accuracy of 0.001, 4～6 light curves covering 10° of solar phase angle are sufficient for inversion. For a photometric accuracy of 0.010, 8～10 light curves covering 20° of solar phase angle are required. At a lower photometric accuracy of 0.100, continuous observations covering multiple full rotation periods are recommended initially, followed by sparse observations to extend the solar phase angle for further confirmation of the inversion results. Additionally, for asteroids with nearly equal short axes, the required solar phase angle range can be moderately relaxed. This study provides a reference for the inversion of near-Earth asteroids using light curve data and offers methodological guidance with China’ s existing and upcoming ground-based and space telescopes.更多还原