【摘要】 氯离子侵蚀是导致海洋环境钢筋混凝土结构耐久性破坏的主要因素，氯离子传输特性研究对钢筋混凝土结构耐久性设计及服役寿命预测具有重要意义。文章系统综述了国内外关于海洋环境下混凝土氯离子传输特性的研究进展，涵盖混凝土氯离子传输模型、混凝土材料组成(包括矿物料掺合混凝土、粗骨料和钢筋)、外部环境影响(包括水位变动区、硫酸根和镁离子、冻融循环、荷载作用)和混凝土防腐涂层及其抗氯离子侵蚀性能等。对各方面研究进展进行了总结，并展望了未来研究方向，主要包括建立多驱动机制耦合下氯离子传输模型，开展长期海洋环境下不同混凝土材料体系氯离子传输时变规律研究，深入揭示真实海洋环境下干湿循环机制、硫酸根和镁离子侵蚀、冻融循环条件等对混凝土氯离子传输特性的影响，以及开发环境友好型、自修复型涂层并系统评估其长期抗氯离子侵蚀性能等。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chloride erosion is a primary factor causing the durability failure of reinforced concrete structures in the marine environment. The research on chloride transport characteristics is of great significance for the durability design and service life prediction of reinforced concrete structures. In this paper, the research progress on chloride transport characteristics in concrete under marine conditions was comprehensively reviewed, including chloride transport models, concrete materials composition(involving mineral admixture concrete, effects of coarse aggregate and rebar), external environmental effects(involving water level fluctuation zone, effects of sulfate and magnesium ions, freeze-thaw cycles and loads), and concrete anti-corrosion coatings with their resistance to chloride erosion, etc. The current research achievements in all aspects were summarized, and future research directions were proposed. Future research directions are suggested to focus on: the development of chloride ion transport models under multi-driving mechanisms, investigation of chloride transport time-dependent rules in various concrete material systems under long-term marine exposure, in-depth elucidation of the effects of realistic marine conditions(e.g., wetting-drying cycles, sulfate and magnesium attack, and freeze-thaw cycles) on chloride transport characteristics, and the development of environmentally friendly, self-healing coatings with systematic evaluation of their long-term resistance to chloride erosion.更多还原