【摘要】 酥碱是指壁画地仗层中的可溶盐随环境温湿度的变化而溶解、结晶，导致膨胀收缩反复作用使壁画地仗结构被破坏而产生疏松状态。为研究青海省湟源县城隍庙壁画地仗层所含可溶盐的种类，对东配殿壁画麦草泥地仗、酥碱的麦草泥地仗及脱落到地面的酥碱土进行取样，并采用沉淀法对土样中含盐量进行分析，得出城隍庙东配殿壁画麦草泥地仗层、酥碱麦草泥地仗层及脱落到地面的酥碱土中可溶盐的含量分别为1.73%、4%、4.13%；采用XRD和IC方法对土样中所含可溶盐的种类进行研究，发现土样中阳离子主要有Na⁺、K⁺，阴离子主要有Cl^-、NO₃^-、SO₄^2-；采用XRF、XRD、SEM-EDS方法对沉淀所得盐样主要成分进行分析，得出三种地仗的可溶盐种类主要有NaNO₃、NaCl和少量的CaSO₄·2H₂O。更多还原

【Abstract】 Efflorescence is the damage to mural plaster caused by salt crystallizing and dissolving with ambient temperature and humidity changes,the expansion and contraction caused by it weakens the ground structure of the mural and produces a loose state.In order to investigate the types of soluble salts in the plaster layer of the murals of Chenghuang temple in Huangyuan County of Qinghai Province,coarse plaster,disrupted coarse plaster and soil falling off on the ground from the East Hall murals were taken as samples.The precipitation method was employed to analyze the salinity of the soil samples,which is 1.73%,4%,and 4.13%in the coarse plaster,the effloresced coarse plaster and the detached efflorescent soil respectively.The soluble salt types in the soil samples were analyzed using X-ray Diffraction （XRD） and Ion Chromatography （IC）.The results indicate the presence of Na⁺and K⁺as the primary cations,with Cl^-,NO₃^-,and SO₄^2-being the dominant anions.The main components of precipitated salt samples were analyzed using X-ray Fluorescence （XRF）,X-ray Diffraction （XRD） and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy （SEM-EDS）,with the results that the soluble salts in the three samples primarily consist of NaNO₃,NaCl,and a small amount of CaSO₄·2H₂O.更多还原