【摘要】 【目的】光温是影响作物生长和发育的关键环境因素，通过探究光温调控对不同类型花生开花结荚的影响，解析光温影响花生产量的生理机制，为高产花生的品种培育和栽培管理提供科学依据。【方法】以4个不同类型的花生种质开选01-6、冀花5号、冀花11号和冀花甜1号为材料，通过设置不同的光强、光周期和温度环境，观察花生植株开花总数、始花期、成针率、成果率、株高、干重、根冠比和分枝数等8个性状变化，利用多因素方差分析研究光温对花生生长和发育过程中的影响。【结果】光强、光周期和温度分别对6、5和8个观察性状具有显著影响（P<0.05）,F值为5.31～271.47。根据环境、基因型和基因型×环境的F值分析，在影响开花总数和干重的因素中，光强的F值最大，分别为72.96和27.38。50%遮光分别降低4个品种47.85%～76.19%和32.00%～63.01%的开花总花数和干重；在影响分枝数的因素中，光周期的F值最大为21.53，长日照（光16 h/暗8 h）比短日照（光8 h/暗16 h）增加4个品种平均分枝数1.3～2.0个；在影响花生始花期、成针率、成果率、株高和根冠比的因素中，温度的F值最大为19.50～271.47。低温（22℃/17℃）比高温（30℃/28℃）环境下，4个品种始花期显著延迟16.1～18.9 d，成针率、成果率和株高分别降低60.83%～94.78%、46.51%～100.00%和46.00%～57.52%，但根冠比提高51.49%～205.09%。值得注意的是开选01-6在长日照环境下呈现特殊的光周期特性，其成针率显著下降49.74%，荚果发育则被完全抑制。此外，部分试验组中基因型和基因型×环境也会起显著影响，F值为2.23～25.46。以上研究结果表明花生的开花结荚等生长发育性状受以光温为主+基因型的协同调控。【结论】光温调控对花生生长发育过程中，光强是影响开花总数和干重的主要因素，光周期是影响分枝数的主要因素，温度是影响花生始花期、成针率、成果率、株高和根冠比的主要因素。研究结果为高产花生品种的培育及栽培管理提供了参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】 Light and temperature are key environmental factors influencing crop growth and development. This study investigates the effects of light, temperature, and their interactions on flowering and pod formation in different peanut types, aiming to clarify the mechanisms by which environmental factors regulate yield through floral and pod development, thereby providing a theoretical basis for highyield peanut breeding and cultivation management. 【Method】 Four peanut accessions—Kai Xuan 01-6(KX01-6), Ji Hua 5(JH5), Ji Hua 11(JH11), and Ji Hua Tian 1(JHT1)—were cultivated under varying light intensities, photoperiods, and temperature regimes. Eight traits were recorded: total flower number, initial flowering time, peg formation rate, pod formation rate, plant height, dry weight, rootto-shoot ratio, and branch number. Multi-factor ANOVA was used to analyze the effects of light and temperature on peanut growth and development. 【Result】 Light intensity, photoperiod, and temperature significantly affected(P<0.05) 6, 5, and 8 of the observed traits, respectively, with F-values ranging from 5.31 to 271.47. Based on F-value analysis of environmental and genotypic effects and their interactions, light intensity had the strongest influence on total flower number and dry weight(F=72.96 and 27.38, respectively). Under 50% shading, total flower number decreased by 47.85%-76.19% and dry weight by 32.00%-63.01% across cultivars. Photoperiod showed the strongest effect on branch number(F= 21.53). Under long-day conditions(16 h light/8 h dark), branch number increased by 1.3 to 2.0 compared to short-day treatment( 8 h light/16 h dark). Temperature exhibited the strongest influence on initial flowering time, peg formation rate, pod formation rate, plant height, and root-to-shoot ratio(F=19.50-271.47). Compared to high temperature(30 °C/28 °C), low temperature(22 °C/17 °C) delayed initial flowering by 16.1-18.9 days, reduced peg formation rate by 60.83%-94.78%, pod formation rate by 46.51%-100.00%, and plant height by 46.00%-57.52%, but increased root-to-shoot ratio by 51.49%-205.09%. Notably, KX01-6 showed a unique photoperiod response: under long days, its peg formation rate decreased by 49.74%, and pod development was completely inhibited. Genotype and genotype × environment interactions also had significant effects in some experimental groups(F=2.23-25.46). These results indicate that peanut flowering and pod-setting traits are predominantly regulated by light and temperature conditions, with additional modulation by genotypic factors. 【Conclusion】 In the light-temperature regulation of peanut development, light intensity was the dominant factor for total flower number and dry weight, photoperiod primarily governed branch number, and temperature was the key factor influencing initial flowering time, peg formation rate, pod formation rate, plant height, and root-to-shoot ratio. These insights support the optimization of peanut breeding and field management for high yield.更多还原