【摘要】 【目的】观察水稻倍性间杂交种子的胚乳和幼胚的发育过程，探索父母本基因组剂量不平衡导致种子败育的胚胎学机制。【方法】以籼稻海天（2n）、粳稻日本晴（2n）和四倍体海天（4n）为供试材料，进行正反交；观察后代的胚乳发育过程，对幼胚拯救获得后代；使用染色体压片检测后代的倍性，SSR分子标记检测后代真伪。【结果】(1)倍性间杂交后代种子大小以及胚乳发育过程存在差异。(2)通过胚拯救技术获得倍性间杂交后代，观察发现：三倍体幼胚的生长能力弱于二倍体和四倍体幼胚。(3)正反交得到的三倍体胚拯救后代萌发率有差异，不结实。【结论】水稻倍性间杂交的种子败育，是因为胚乳细胞化时间差异影响胚乳发育，导致胚因不能获得营养而致败育。幼胚体外拯救可以发育成苗，但是植株生长势明显变差。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】This study investigates endosperm and embryo development in interploidy hybrid rice seeds to elucidate the embryological mechanisms underlying seed abortion induced by parental genome dosage imbalance. 【Method】Reciprocal crosses were conducted using diploid(2n) indica rice(Haitian), diploid(2n) japonica rice(Nipponbare), and tetraploid(4n) Haitian. Endosperm development in hybrid progeny was observed, and immature embryos were rescued to obtain offspring. Ploidy levels of rescued plants were determined via chromosome squashing, and SSR molecular markers verified hybrid authenticity. 【Result】(1) Heteroploid hybrid seeds exhibited variations in seed size and endosperm development.(2) Embryo rescue enabled recovery of heteroploid hybrid seeds, though triploid embryos displayed weaker growth compared to diploid and tetraploid counterparts.(3) Germination rates of triploid embryo-rescued progeny differed between reciprocal crosses, and rescued plants were sterile.【Conclusion】Seed abortion in interploidy rice hybrids arises from asynchronous endosperm cellularization, impairing nutrient transfer to embryos and inducing abortion. While in vitro embryo rescue yields seedlings, their growth vigor remains significantly compromised.更多还原