【摘要】 黑木耳生长发育过程中栽培料对其胞外酶活性、农艺性状及产量具有一定的影响，本研究为探明不同配方对黑木耳胞外酶活性、农艺性状及产量的影响，选取贵州常见木材水青冈、楮树、灯台树与亮叶桦树，搭配15种配方栽培黑木耳，于菌丝不同发育时期测定其木质素降解酶系、纤维素降解酶系、半纤维素降解酶系活性、测定子实体农艺性状和产量，并对各指标进行相关性（P<0.05）及主成分分析，运用隶属函数法对各配方进行综合评分。研究结果表明：不同配方会影响胞外酶活大小，且同一酶系在不同生长时期及不同酶之间其活性呈现显著正相关，多个农艺性状间呈现显著正相关；不同配方间黑木耳农艺性状及产量呈现显著差异，其中耳长（66.99～101.72 mm）、耳宽（36.28～98.95 mm）、耳厚（1.34～1.96 mm）、弹性（0.75～3.00 Pa）、泡发率（5.10～14.90%）、单棒鲜耳产量（47.00～189.00 g）、单棒干耳产量（5.00～24.00 g）、生物学效率（31.33～126.00%）。最终运用隶属函数法综合分析，筛选配方2、4、8、9、10、11、12、13、14优于对照配方，考虑到培养成本及黑木耳的产量产值情况，最终筛选出配方9作为更具性价比的配方。更多还原

【Abstract】 The cultivation substrate affects the extracellular enzyme activity, agronomic traits, and yield of Auricularia auricula during its growth and development. To investigate the effects of different substrate formulations on these parameters, common wood species from Guizhou—Fagus longipetiolata, Broussonetia papyrifera, Bothrocaryum controversum, and Betula luminifera—are selected and combined into 15 formulations for cultivating A. auricula. The activities of lignin degrading enzyme system, cellulose degrading enzyme system and hemicellulose degrading enzyme system are determined at different mycelial development stages, along with the agronomic traits and yield of fruiting bodies, following by correlation(P<0.05) and principal component analysis of each indicator. A comprehensive evaluation of each formulation is conducted using the membership function method. The results show that different formulations affect the extracellular enzyme activity. Additionally, the activity within the same enzyme system exhibit significant positive correlations across different growth stages and among different enzymes. Furthermore, multiple agronomic traits also show significant positive correlations. Significant differences are observed in agronomic traits and yield among different formulations: ear length(66.99～101.72 mm), ear width(36.28～98.95 mm), ear thickness(1.34～1.96 mm),elasticity(0.75～3.00 Pa), rehydration rate(5.10～14.90%), fresh yield per bag(47.00～189.00) g), dry yield per bag(5.00-24.00 g), and biological efficiency(31.33-126.00%). Finally, through comprehensive analysis using the membership function method, formulations 2, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 demonstrate superiority over the control. Considering the cultivation costs, the yield and the output value of A. auricula, formulation 9 is ultimately selected as the most costeffective option.更多还原