【摘要】 教育评价事关教育发展方向，有什么样的教育评价就有什么样的办学导向。我国已建成世界上规模最大的教育体系，加快建设教育强国是教育发展的时代主题。作为教育强国建设龙头的高等教育，其评价体系改革对整个教育评价改革具有风向标意义。本文在分析当前国内外大学学科评价存在的主要问题的基础上，从建设教育强国视角阐述了完善大学学科评价的理论逻辑，梳理了完善大学学科评价体系的现实参照，基于理论逻辑和现实参照尝试构建了面向教育强国建设目标的大学学科评价体系，并提出了进一步完善大学学科评价体系的政策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Educational evaluation is crucial to the direction of educational development; the nature of educational evaluation determines the orientation of institutional management. China has built the world’s largest education system, and accelerating the construction of a leading country in education represents the new historical position and contemporary theme of educational development. As the flagship of leading country in education construction, higher education and its evaluation system reform hold demonstrative significance and serve as a barometer for the entire educational evaluation reform. Disciplines serve as the primary vehicle for realizing universities’ core functions, reflecting their comprehensive strength, and embodying their distinctive characteristics. They also function as the critical nexus connecting universities ’ knowledge inheritance, creation, and dissemination. Discipline evaluation, based on capabilities of knowledge inheritance, creation, and dissemination, has become an important approach to measuring a country’s higher education quality and universities’ comprehensive institutional strength.Facing the strategic goal of building China into a leading country in education, this paper analyzes the main problems existing in current domestic and international university discipline evaluation. It focuses on four aspects—“highlighting the essential attributes of Chinese higher education, grasping the contemporary theme of building a leading country in education, reflecting modern universities’ core social functions, and emphasizing the developmental stage characteristics of higher education”—to elaborate the theoretical logic for improving university discipline evaluation. Taking China’s Ministry of Education discipline assessment, three major world university discipline rankings, and business accreditation as examples, this study conducts a comprehensive analysis of the value concepts, indicator systems, evaluation methods, and result applications of these three types of evaluation systems, sorting out realistic references for improving university discipline evaluation systems. Based on theoretical logic and realistic references, and aiming at the goals and tasks of building a leading country in education, this paper attempts to systematically optimize the core elements of China’s university discipline evaluation, including value concepts, indicator systems, and evaluation methods, thereby forming a discipline evaluation system benchmarked against the six core strengths of a leading country in education and proposing policy recommendations for further improving university discipline evaluation systems.This paper argues that constructing a university discipline evaluation system with up-to-date features, Chinese characteristics, and world-class standards should proceed from four aspects. First, we must reshape value concepts that embody the essential attributes of socialist education with Chinese characteristics, to accelerate the construction of world-class universities and advantageous disciplines with Chinese-characteristics. By highlighting value concepts of educational evaluation with Chinese implications and the fundamental direction of educational evaluation reform, this university discipline evaluation system should lead the high-quality development of Chinese higher education and the direction of global higher education transformation. Second, we should reconstruct the indicator system by thoroughly studying the rich connotations of the six major characteristics of a leading country in education and their specific manifestations in disciplines. This indicator system should reflect the contemporary features of Chinese higher education development while creatively absorbing reasonable elements from foreign evaluation systems, and should enable us to construct discipline evaluation systems with Chinese characteristics and world-class standards, by playing a demonstrative and leading role in promoting innovation in higher education development concepts, discipline construction models, and scientific research paradigms. Third, we should optimize evaluation methods by exploring multi-stakeholder evaluation and integrated evaluation that combines quantitative methods with qualitative ones, promoting the extensive application of big data, blockchain, and artificial intelligence in evaluation, and enhancing the objectiveness, effectiveness, and fairness of discipline evaluation. Fourth, we should facilitate the application of evaluation result by strengthening its diagnostic function and developmental efficacy, forming a virtuous-cycle mechanism of “ construction-evaluation-improvement-evaluation, ” and leading universities and disciplines to strive for first-class standards in different fields, directions, and levels in the process of building China into a leading country in education.更多还原