【摘要】 行政认定在刑事诉讼中频繁作为证据出现，作用日益显著，但《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》对其并无明确规定。因此导致人民法院采信行政认定的方式各异，学界也对此认识不一。以“人民法院案例库”中涉及行政认定的案例作为样本，可以发现，行政认定在刑事诉讼中呈现数量较多、采信率高等特点，同时也存在适用混乱等突出问题。法院将行政认定视为“鉴定意见”“书证”“专家意见”等不同类型证据，不同法官对于行政认定的审查过程存在较大差异，辩方常以“于法无据”为由对行政认定的证据能力提出异议。行政认定是兼事实认定与法律适用，集行政法律事实、专业性判定以及可能附带的证明材料于一体的复合性证据材料。为支撑与规范行政认定在刑事诉讼中的使用，《刑事诉讼法》的第4次修改，应确认行政认定的证据能力及独立属性，将其单列为一种证据类型。作为刑事诉讼证据的行政认定，其证据能力与证明力争议应在刑事诉讼中解决，不宜作为行政决定另开行政诉讼。更多还原

【Abstract】 Administrative determinations are frequently adduced as evidence in criminal proceedings, assuming growing importance. However, the Criminal Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China contains no explicit stipulations concerning such determinations. This legislative lacuna has resulted in inconsistent judicial practices regarding their admissibility, with substantial scholarly divergence on this issue. An analysis of relevant cases from the People’s Courts Case Database reveals that administrative determinations feature prominently in criminal cases, encompassing a wide range of offenses and exhibiting a high rate of acceptance by the courts, underscoring their evidentiary significance. Nevertheless, persistent challenges remain in their judicial application, manifested in several aspects: fundamental disagreements between defense counsel and courts regarding determinations’ evidentiary validity, with defenses typically challenging them as “lacking legal basis” while courts uphold them citing substantive needs for truth-finding and case resolution; inconsistent categorization across courts as either “appraisal opinion, ” “documentary evidence” or “expert opinion”; significant variations in judicial review standards and procedures. Essentially, administrative determinations constitute composite evidentiary materials integrating factual findings with legal applications, incorporating administrative facts, specialized evaluations, and associated evidentiary components. Consequently, the forthcoming fourth amendment to the Criminal Procedure Law should formally recognize their evidentiary status and distinctive attributes by establishing them as a discrete evidence category. Disputes concerning the admissibility and weight of administrative determinations in criminal cases should be resolved within criminal proceedings rather than through administrative litigation. They should only become subject to judicial review in administrative courts when they produce external legal effects independent of the criminal case.更多还原