【摘要】 铝氢化物因其高理论储氢密度被视为固态储氢领域的重要候选材料。然而，在实际应用中，此类材料仍面临诸多挑战，包括放氢动力学迟缓、高热稳定性导致的放氢温度较高以及循环性能不佳等问题，这些问题严重制约了其商业化进程。对铝氢化物的放氢特性与机理进行了系统综述，并重点探讨了表面改性、掺杂改性和合成多元复合氢化物体系等热稳定性调控策略。整理发现，球磨和掺杂碳基材料实现纳米限域等纳米化措施可以改变材料表面、抑制晶粒聚集而有效提高放氢动力学性能；催化掺杂金属以及化合物可以通过形成无定形的原位活性物质显著改善储氢性能；而多元复合体系则通过重构反应路径与引入多相失稳效应，在改善动力学和热力学性能的同时，能够有效保证实际储氢容量。未来需要突破单一改性策略，着力发展多方位协同优化的路径，从而为铝氢化物从实验室研究走向规模化应用奠定坚实的理论与技术基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aluminum hydride is regarded as an important candidate material for solid hydrogen storage because of its high theoretical hydrogen storage density. However, in practical applications, such materials still face many challenges, including slow dehydrogenation kinetics, high dehydrogenation temperature due to high thermal stability, and poor cycle performance, which seriously restrict their commercialization process. The characteristics and mechanism of dehydrogenation of aluminum hydride were reviewed, and the thermal stability control strategies such as surface modification, doping modification and synthesis of multicomponent compound hydride system were discussed. The results showed that the surface of the materials can be changed, the grain aggregation can be inhibited, and the kinetics of dehydrogenation can be improved. Catalytic doping of metals and compounds can significantly improve the hydrogen storage performance by forming amorphous in-situ active substances. By reconstructing the reaction path and introducing the multiphase instability effect, the multi-component composite system can effectively ensure the actual hydrogen storage capacity while improving the kinetic and thermodynamic properties. In the future, it is necessary to break through the single modification strategy and focus on the development of multi-directional collaborative optimization path, so as to lay a solid theoretical and technical foundation for aluminum hydride from laboratory research to large-scale application.更多还原