【摘要】 为了实现船舶动力系统的高效性与长续航能力，在MATLAB/Simulink平台下以某型号货船参数为基准，创新性地提出了一种以氨燃料为能源的船舶固体氧化物燃料电池/燃气轮机(SOFC/GT)混合推进系统，并结合船舶实际运行数据，分析了推进系统在负荷阶跃递增和阶跃递减情况下的动态特性及各部件的安全特性，提示了变工况下混合推进系统关键参数的变化规律。结果表明：所设计的船舶混合推进系统在额定工况下输出功率为600 kW,发电效率为60.12%,能够满足目标船型21.48 km/h的航速需求；在船舶负载递减的过程中，系统负载可实现从100%至40%的阶跃递减，最长响应时间为118.6 s,系统的最大超调为1.68%,体现了系统快速安全的动态响应能力；在船舶负载递增过程中，系统负载可实现从40%至100%的阶跃递增，最大响应时间为124.6 s,系统最大超调为2.83%;在船舶负载从40%递增至60%的过程中，压气机运行接近喘振线，透平入口温度接近下边界，系统功率出现2.83%的超调，表明GT在此负载变化区间需重点关注压气机工作状态，确保其远离喘振线，并保持透平入口温度(TIT)能够处于安全范围，防止GT运行工况进一步恶化。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ensuring both high efficiency and long endurance capability of ship power system, an ammonia-fueled solid oxide fuel cell/gas turbine(SOFC/GT)hybrid propulsion system for ships was proposed creatively, modeled in MATLAB/Simulink platforms with a specific cargo vessel parameters as the benchmark. Dynamic characteristics and component safety of propulsion system under stepwise load increment and decrement were analyzed using real operational data of ships, revealing the change laws of key parameters of the hybrid propulsion system under variable working conditions. Results show that the designed marine hybrid propulsion system achieves an output power of 600 kW with 60.12% power generation efficiency under rated operating conditions, meeting the target ship′s 21.48 km/h speed requirement. During stepwise load decrement, the system can achieve a stepwise load decrement from 100% to 40%, and the system responds within 118.6 s with a 1.68% maximum overshoot, reflecting the fast and secure dynamic response capability of the system. During stepwise load increment, the system can achieve a stepwise load increment from 40% to 100%, and the system responds within 124.6 s with a 2.83% maximum overshoot. Notably, in the 40% to 60% load range, the compressor operation approaches the surge line, the turbine inlet temperature(TIT) approaches its lower limit, and the system power has a 2.83% overshoot, requiring GT to focus on the working status of the compressor in this load change interval, stay away from the surge line, ensure that TIT is within a safe range, and prevent further deterioration of GT operating conditions.更多还原