【摘要】 针对生活污水未经有效处理直接排放将引起水体富营养化、生态环境破坏等问题，构建厌氧-表流湿地组合系统，在中试规模下探究了其对生活污水中有机物、氮、磷的去除效能及关键影响因素，系统由厌氧池与三级表流湿地（分别种植芦苇、菖蒲、香蒲）串联组成，水力停留时间（HRT）设置为5 d和7 d。结果表明：HRT由5 d延长至7 d可提升COD、TN的去除率，但对TP影响较小；系统对COD、TN、NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N和TP的去除率分别为80%、60%、60%～80%、60%～80%、70%,其中人工湿地贡献显著；COD去除依赖湿地基质的吸附与微生物降解，TN去除以厌氧反硝化与湿地根际协同作用为主，TP则通过基质吸附、植物吸收及微生物转化协同去除；不同植物湿地中，芦苇对污染物综合去除效果最优，芦苇、菖蒲、香蒲串联的三级湿地显著提升了系统的整体效能和运行稳定性。更多还原

【Abstract】 In view of the water eutrophication and ecological environmental damage that may result from the discharge of domestic sewage without effective treatment, this study developed an anaerobic-surface flow wetland system and investigated its efficiency in removing organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus from domestic sewage at a pilot scale, along with the key influencing factors. The system consisted of an anaerobic tank coupled with three stages of surface flow wetlands planted with reeds, calamus and cattails. The hydraulic retention times（HRT） were set at 5 and 7 days. The results demonstrate that extending the HRT to 7 days can improve COD and TN removal rates, while the impact on TP removal is minimal. The system achieves removal efficiencies of 80%, 60%, 60%-80%, 60%-80% and 70% for COD, TN, NH⁺₄-N, NO^-₃-N and TP respectively, with significant contributions from the constructed wetlands. COD removal is primarily dependent on substrate adsorption and microbial degradation in the wetlands. TN removal is mainly driven by anaerobic denitrification and the synergistic effect at the rhizosphere of the wetland plants, while TP removal is achieved through a combination of substrate adsorption, plant uptake and microbial transformation. Among the different plant species in the wetlands, reed demonstrates the best overall performance in pollutant removal. The three-level wetland system, primarily consisting of reeds, calamus and cattails has substantially improved the overall efficiency and operational stability of the system.更多还原