【摘要】 华龙洞遗址为我国长江中下游流域重要的古人类化石地点，发现了若干保存完整的古人类化石和大量的哺乳动物化石。本文系统研究了华龙洞2014～2024年出土的食肉目哺乳动物化石，包括8科14属17种，其中新种华龙林狸Prionodon hualongensis是林狸属首次发现的化石物种。鬣狗化石以最后斑鬣狗为主，指示该地点时代晚于周口店第一地点；但棕熊和金猫的形态结构与周口店第一地点相仿，豺和猪獾的形态比现生种略显原始，硕鬣狗依然遗存，且存在灭绝种华龙林狸和柯氏豹猫。综合这些证据，华龙洞遗址最有可能属于中更新世晚期，与同位素测年的结果相仿。华龙洞动物群以偏林地的广布种(如豺，亚洲黑熊)为主，典型华南组分(如大熊猫，云豹)次之，但也存在典型的华北组分(即棕熊)，指示一个以森林为主的镶嵌生境。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Hualongdong Hominid Site is an important locality for ancient human fossils in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China,where several well-preserved ancient human fossils and many mammal fossils have been discovered.This paper systematically studies the Carnivora fossils excavated from Hualong Cave from 2014 to 2024,including 8 families,14 genera,and 17 species,including Cuon alpinus,Ursus thibetanus,Ursus arctos,Ailuropoda melanoleuca baconi,Arctonyx cf.collaris,Catopuma teilhardi,Prionailurus kurteni,Prionailurus sp.,Panthera tigris,Panthera pardus,Neofelis nebulosa,Prionodon hualongensis sp.nov.,Pachycrocuta brevirostris sinensis,Crocuta ultima,Viverra zibetha,Paguma larvata,Urva urva.Felidae are the most diverse family,with six species coexisted,ranging from about 1kg P.kurteni to around 200 kg P.tigris.Ursidae are also diversified,with three species,and two of them,U.thibetanus and A.m.baconi are the two abundant carnivore species in the fauna.Among these species,the newly identified species of linsang (Prionodon hualongensis) is the first fossil species discovered from the genus Prionodon,characteristic by having large body size,robust dentition and mandible,wide m1 protocone and m1 talonid,indicating a diet comprising more hard tissue.The presence of the abundant spotted hyena,indicating that the site is older than Zhoukoudian Loc.1 (very rare and only present in the upmost layer).On the other hand,the morphology of the brown bear and the golden cat is similar to those from the Zhoukoudian Loc.1,and the morphology of the dhole (relatively distinct m1 entoconid) and the hog-nosed badger (relatively large m1 paraconid) appears slightly more primitive than that of modern population.The archaic element giant hyena Pachycrocuta is still present in the locality,and there are also several extinct species,including the Hualong linsang and the Kurten’s leopard cat.In summary,the composition and evolutionary level of carnivore guild from the Hualongdong site supports a late Middle Pleistocene age,which aligns with the results of previous dating.The Hualongdong carnivore guild mainly composes of species typical of woodland areas (no specific temperature preference),such as the dhole and the Asian black bear,followed by typical southern China components like the giant panda and the clouded leopard.However,there are also typical North China components,notably the brown bear,indicating a mosaic habitat primarily dominated by forests.更多还原