【摘要】 通过分析云南省荔枝主产区土壤基本化学性质、养分含量及其分布特征，以期为该区荔枝园土壤养分管理与科学施肥提供基础数据和理论依据。于2023年采集云南省6个主产区的22个荔枝园土壤样品，测定土壤pH、有机质含量、大中微量元素有效态含量，通过模糊综合评判法，分析和评价云南荔枝园土壤肥力水平。结果表明：云南荔枝种植区土壤pH为5.62,22.73%土壤的pH适宜荔枝生长（pH为5.0～5.5）,27.28%土壤的阳离子交换量（CEC）低于10.00 cmol/kg，表明保肥能力还需提高；有机质含量整体较高（14.81～57.06 g/kg）；除保山外，其他园区的土壤全氮含量（0.84～2.70 g/kg）达中等水平（>1.00 g/kg）；除永德县一果园的速效钾含量（36.67 mg/kg）处于缺乏水平（<50.00 mg/kg），其他样点的土壤水解性氮（78.61～259.19 mg/kg）、有效磷（21.14～92.48 mg/kg）及速效钾含量（35.00～642.50 mg/kg）均达到中等水平以上；中微量元素中，有效钙（415.63～4900.00 mg/kg）、有效硫含量（20.43～127.89 mg/kg）较为丰富；有效镁含量（3.13～512.50 mg/kg）为中等水平以上，其中42.43%土壤低于临界值（4级，<100.00 mg/kg）；有效锌（0.51～9.68 mg/kg）、有效铁（7.18～124.82 mg/kg）含量丰富；有效锰（2.56～104.78 mg/kg）、有效铜（0.76～6.06 mg/kg）含量为中等水平以上，9.09%土壤有效锰含量低于5.00 mg/kg；盈江产区的硼（B, 0.88 mg/kg）和钼（Mo, 0.43 mg/kg）均值含量处于丰富水平，屏边的B(0.44 mg/kg)和Mo(0.13 mg/kg)、元阳的B(0.31 mg/kg)和Mo(0.15 mg/kg)、保山的Mo(0.10 mg/kg)、永德的B(0.42 mg/kg)和Mo(0.10 mg/kg)、新平的B(0.41 mg/kg)和Mo(0.10 mg/kg)均处于缺乏水平。综合肥力指数（integrated fertility index, IFI）为0.51～0.97，均值为0.79，表明研究区荔枝园的土壤肥力良好，除保山样点处于Ⅲ级外，其余果园的肥力水平均达Ⅱ级以上。主成分分析结果表明，全氮含量、有机质含量、水解性氮含量和pH是影响土壤肥力的主要因素。本研究中的22个荔枝园土壤养分整体处于中等及以上水平，建议保山种植区需补充镁肥和钼肥，屏边、元阳、永德、新平种植区需补充硼肥和钼肥。更多还原

【Abstract】 The study analyzed the soil chemical properties, nutrient contents and distribution characteristics in the litchi gardens from the major growing regions in Yunnan aimed to provide supports for nutrient and fertilization management in litchi gardens. Soil samples were collected from 22 litchi gardens in 6 major production regions. Soil pH, organic matter and multi-elements content were analyzed and used as the indicators to evaluate soil fertility via fuzzy comprehensive analysis. The results showed that soil pH was 5.62, with 22.73% of soil samples were suitable for litchi growth(pH=5.0～5.5). The cation exchange capacity(CEC) of 27.28% of soils was lower than 10.00 cmol/kg, indicating fertilizer retention ability should be improved. Organic matter content was relatively high(14.81-57.06 g/kg). Soil total N content(0.84-2.70 g/kg) was higher than medium level(>1.00 g/kg) excepting for Baoshan region. Soil alkaline hydrolyzed N(78.61-259.19 mg/kg), available P(21.14-92.48 mg/kg) and available K(35.00-642.50 mg/kg) were all higher than medium level excepting one orchard in Yongde, where the available K content(36.67 mg/kg) was at deficiency level(<50.00 mg/kg). Among the trace elements, available Ca(415.63-4900.00 mg/kg) and available S(20.43-127.89 mg/kg) were relatively abundant. Soil available Mg(3.13-512.50 mg/kg) was at moderate level, with 42.43% of samples were below the limit value(<100.00 mg/kg). Available Zn(0.51-9.68 mg/kg) and available Fe(7.18-124.82 mg/kg) were abundant. Available Mn(2.56-104.78 mg/kg) and available Cu(0.76-6.06 mg/kg) were at moderate level, with 8.60% of the samples showing available Mn lowering than 5.00 mg/kg. Available B and Mo were at sufficient level in Yingjiang at 0.88 and 0.43 mg/kg, while those in Pingbian(B: 0.44 mg/kg, Mo: 0.13 mg/kg), Yuanyang(B: 0.31 mg/kg, Mo: 0.15 mg/kg), Baoshan(Mo: 0.10 mg/kg), Yongde(B: 0.42 mg/kg, Mo: 0.10 mg/kg) and Xinping(B: 0.41 mg/kg, Mo: 0.10 mg/kg) were at deficient levels. The integrated fertility index(IFI) was 0.51-0.97, with average value at 0.79. All IFI values were above level II excepting Baoshan region at level III. The principal component analysis showed that total N, alkaline hydrolyzed N, organic matter and pH were the most important factors affecting soil fertility. The data suggested that the overall soil fertility of the studied 22 litchi gardens was above the medium level. Mg and Mo fertilizers can be improved in Baoshan, and B and Mo fertilizers can be improved in Pingbian, Yuanyang, Yongde and Xinping.更多还原