【摘要】 植物根际细菌在植物养分吸收利用中扮演着重要角色，而农作物的高产与其根际活跃的功能菌群活动密切相关。本研究通过对超高产橡胶的根际土壤中的功能细菌进行分离、筛选和鉴定，以期找到对提升橡胶树产量有潜在应用价值的有益菌株。使用梯度稀释涂布和选择性培养基从云南省勐腊农场超高产橡胶树根际土壤中分离、纯化功能细菌60株，并对分离菌株的解磷、解钾、固氮能力以及产吲哚乙酸（IAA）、产铁载体、产ACC脱氨酶、产乙偶姻（3-羟基-2-丁酮，acetoin）等促生特性进行鉴定。16S rDNA序列分析表明，分离的菌株可归类为Burkholderia、Paraburkholderia、Caballeronia、Cupriavidus、Dyella、Pseudomonas、Silvania、Enterobacter、Escherichia、Raoultella、Pantoea和Bacillus 12个属，其中Burkholderia属有40株，占比66.67%，为绝对优势类群。通过橡胶苗盆栽对部分分离菌株的促生能力验证试验结果表明，菌株Enterobacter sp. SYK24对盆栽橡胶苗具有较好促生效果，橡胶苗全株鲜质量、地上部干质量、地下部干质量和根系长度分别较对照显著提高12.89%、23.24%、22.81%和28.30%。除全磷、速效钾较对照分别降低5.01%和18.98%外，SYK24处理未对其他土壤养分含量产生显著影响。Burkholderia sp. SYN37在试验期内对橡胶苗生物量增长无促进作用，且大幅消耗了土壤养分，其处理的土壤有机质、全氮和速效钾较对照分别下降了31.39%、22.73%和13.03%。本研究初步构建了一个超高产橡胶树根际功能细菌的小型菌种库，通过盆栽试验对2株功能菌的促生效果进行验证，为橡胶树专用微生物菌剂进一步开发应用提供科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Plant rhizosphere bacteria play a crucial role in plant nutrient uptake and utilization, and the active functional microbial communities in the rhizosphere are closely associated with high yield of crops. This study aimed to isolate, screen and identify functional bacteria from the rhizosphere soil of super high-yield rubber trees to identify beneficial strains that could potentially enhance rubber tree productivity. Using gradient dilution plating and selective medium, 60 strains of functional bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of super high yield rubber trees in Mengla Farm, Yunnan province. The isolated strains were characterized for the abilities to solubilize phosphate and potassium, fix nitrogen, and for the plant growth-promoting traits, including the production of indole-3-acetic acid(IAA), siderophores, ACC deaminase, and acetoin(3-hydroxy-2-butanone). 16S rDNA sequence analysis showed that the isolates could be classified into 12 genera, including Burkholderia, Paraburkholderia, Caballeronia, Cupriavidus, Dyella, Pseudomonas, Silvania, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Raoultella, Pantoea and Bacillus. Among these, Burkholderia was the dominant genus, comprising 40 strains(66.67%). Pot experiments with rubber seedlings demonstrated that the strain Enterobacter sp. SYK24 exhibited significant growth-promoting effects, with increases in whole plant fresh weight, aboveground dry weight, belowground dry weight and root length by 12.89%, 23.24%, 22.81% and 28.30%, respectively, compared to the control. The SYK24 treatment showed 5.01% and 18.98% reductions in total phosphorus and available potassium, respectively, compared to the control, while no statistically significant differences were observed in other soil nutrient contents. The strain Burkholderia sp. SYN37 did not promote biomass growth in rubber seedlings during the experimental period. SYN37 inoculation substantially depleted soil nutrients, resulting in reductions of soil organic matter by 31.39%, total nitrogen by 22.73%, and available potassium by 13.03% compared to the control. This study preliminarily established a small-scale functional bacterial strain library from the rhizosphere of super high-yield rubber trees, validated the growth-promoting effects of two functional strains through pot experiments, and would provide a scientific basis for the further development and application of microbial inoculants specifically tailored for rubber trees.更多还原