【摘要】 有机肥能有效提高设施栽培土壤肥力、微生物多样性及其代谢活性，能有效缓解设施大棚生产存在的水热失衡、土壤次生盐渍化、酸碱失调、微生物多样性降低、养分供应不足等问题，然而，目前有机肥研究对象多为露地和大田作物，且多使用动物粪便有机肥。本研究选用海南椰糠有机肥和生物酵素·活性菌肥为底肥，利用高通量测序技术，研究不同底肥及其用量对设施大棚土壤养分和微生物变化的影响，以筛选土壤改良的有效施肥方法。结果表明：（1）14 286 kg/hm~2椰糠有机肥施用量在提升土壤pH、有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾方面效果显著；生物酵素·活性菌肥在土壤全氮、有效磷和速效钾等指标上具有改善作用，但整体效果弱于椰糠有机肥；CK的各项指标普遍低于种植前水平。（2）种植后的土壤细菌OTUs数量普遍下降，但有机肥处理，尤其是生物酵素处理可部分恢复或提升微生物多样性，椰糠有机肥更利于根瘤菌目（Rhizobiales）、拟青霉属WSH L07(Paecilomyces sp. WSH L07)等有益菌群增殖；生物酵素·活性菌肥对鞘氨醇单胞菌目（Sphingomonadales）、红螺菌目（Rhodospirillales）及土曲霉（Aspergillus terreus）的丰度提升效果更好。总体而言，不同基肥及施用量对土壤微生物的基本种类影响不大，但对丰度的影响较明显，椰糠有机肥及施用量为14 286 kg/hm~2时，对设施大棚土壤肥力的改良效果较好。更多还原

【Abstract】 Organic fertilizer can effectively improve soil fertility and microbial diversity, as well as metabolic activity, in facility cultivation. It can also alleviate problems such as water-heat imbalance, soil secondary salinization, acid-base imbalance, reduced microbial diversity, and insufficient nutrient supply in facility greenhouses. Currently, however, research on organic fertilizers mostly focuses on open fields and field crops, and most studies use animal manure as the organic fertilizer. This study selected Hainan coir organic fertilizer and bio-enzyme-active bacterial fertilizer as bottom fertilizers. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to study how different bottom fertilizers and their dosages affect soil nutrient and microbial changes in facility greenhouses. The goal was to identify effective fertilization methods for improving soil. The results showed that:(1) The application of 14 286 kg/hm~2 of coir organic fertilizer effectively improved soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, effective phosphorus, and quick-acting potassium. The bio-enzyme-activated bacterial fertilizer improved the soil’s total nitrogen, effective phosphorus, and quick-acting potassium levels, but the effect was weaker than that of the coir organic fertilizer. The CK indicators were generally lower than the pre-planting levels.(2) The number of soil bacterial OTUs generally decreased after planting. However, organic fertilizer treatments, especially bioenzyme treatments, could partially restore or enhance microbial diversity. Coconut coir organic fertilizer was more conducive to the proliferation of beneficial bacterial flora, such as Rhizobiales and Paecilomyces spp. WSH L07. Bioenzyme-activated bacterial fertilizers had an effect on Sphingomonadales, Rhodospirillales, and Aspergillus terreus.更多还原