【摘要】 锰（Mn）元素是影响天然橡胶性能的重要因素之一，探究不同施肥措施对橡胶园土壤、橡胶树根系和叶片、胶乳和生胶中Mn含量以及生胶性能的影响，以期对橡胶树合理施肥及提高天然橡胶生胶性能提供理论依据。于2022—2023年选用热研73397橡胶品种进行大田试验，采用单株橡胶树定量施肥，主要为穴施与割面涂施的复合施肥措施，以不施肥为对照（CK），设置5个施肥处理：2 kg硅酸钠（T₁）、0.5%锌钼肥（T₂）、5 kg生物炭（T₃）、5 kg生物炭+0.5%锌钼肥（T₄）、5 kg生物炭+0.5%锌钼肥+2 kg硅酸钠（T₅）。在产胶期不同月份采集样品，通过测定不同施肥模式下的干胶产量、各样品（土壤、根系、叶、胶乳、生胶）Mn含量和生胶性能，分析不同施肥措施对土壤-橡胶树系统中Mn含量及生胶性能的影响。结果表明：不同处理的橡胶树干胶产量在44.96～62.90 g之间；T₁、T₃、T₄、T₅处理可提升土壤pH，把土壤中易被植物利用的Mn形态转变成难利用的形态，其中T₅处理的效果更好，且T₅处理能显著降低橡胶树根系中的Mn含量；T₄、T₅处理能显著降低胶乳中的Mn含量；T₁处理能提高塑性保持率，T₂、T₃、T₄、T₅处理能提高生胶塑性初值，T₄、T₅处理能提高门尼黏度，T₂、T₃、T₄、T₅处理后的生胶塑性初值、塑性保持率、门尼黏度均达到航空轮胎用天然橡胶通用规范；不同处理生胶的数均分子量和重均分子量分别在35.25×10⁴～39.57×10⁴和161.84×10⁴～167.32×10⁴之间，各施肥处理均降低了分子量分散程度。综上所述，生物炭、硅酸钠和锌钼肥配施能改善土壤环境，能够影响橡胶树的产量、胶乳和生胶中的Mn含量，进而影响生胶性能。基于本研究结果，对于综合提高橡胶树产量和生胶性能而言，可推荐T₅处理，即单株施用5 kg生物炭+0.5%锌钼肥+2 kg硅酸钠。更多还原

【Abstract】 Manganese （Mn） is a crucial element influencing the performance of natural rubber.This study investigated the effects of different fertilization strategies on Mn content in soil,rubber tree （Hevea brasiliensis Muell.Arg.） roots and leaves,latex and raw rubber,and the subsequent impact on rubber properties in rubber plantations.The aim was to provide theoretical insights for optimizing rubber tree fertilization and enhancing natural rubber properties.Field experiments were conducted from 2022 to 2023 in a RY 73397 variety rubber plantation.Quantitative fertilization was applied to individual rubber trees using a composite approach involving hole application and tapping panel.The control group received no fertilizer treatment （CK）,while five different fertilization treatments were implemented:2 kg sodium silicate （T₁）,0.5%zinc molybdate fertilizer （T₂）,5 kg biochar （T₃）,5 kg biochar+0.5%zinc molybdate fertilizer （T₄） and5 kg biochar+0.5%zinc molybdate fertilizer+2 kg sodium silicate （T₅）.Samples were collected during various months of latex production period to determine dry rubber yield,Mn content in various samples （soil,roots,leaves,latex,raw rubber）,and rubber properties under different fertilization strategies,analyzing their effects on Mn content and rubber properties within the soil-rubber tree system.The rubber yield from different treatments ranged from 44.96 g to 62.90 g.Treatments T₁,T₃,T₄ and T₅ increased soil pH value,and effectively transformed bioavailable forms of Mn into less available forms for rubber trees in soil,with treatment T₅ being most effective.Treatment T₅ also significantly reduced Mn content in rubber tree roots.The application of T₄ and T₅ treatments significantly reduced Mn content in latex.Treatment T₁ was effective in enhancing the plasticity retention,while treatments T₂,T₃,T₄ and T₅ were capable of improving the initial plasticity of raw rubber.Treatments T₄ and T₅ significantly increased the Mooney viscosity.Following the implementation of T₂,T₃,T₄ and T₅ treatments,the initial plasticity,plasticity retention,and Mooney viscosity of natural rubber all complied with the General Specifications for Natural Rubber Used in Aircraft Tires.The number-average molecular weight and weight-average molecular weight of raw rubber under different treatments ranged from 35.25×10⁴ to 39.57×10⁴ and from 161.84×10⁴ to 167.32×10⁴,respectively,while also decreasing the molecular weight distribution.To summary,the combined application of biochar,sodium silicate,and zinc-molybdenum fertilizers can enhance soil conditions,affecting the yield of rubber trees and the manganese （Mn） content in both latex and raw rubber,which in turn influences the properties of raw rubber.Based on this study,the T₅ treatment （5 kg biochar+0.5%zinc molybdate fertilizer+2 kg sodium silicate per individual tree） is recommended for comprehensive enhancement of dry rubber yield and rubber properties.更多还原