【摘要】 热带地区植物资源种类丰富，有极大的种质资源安全保存需求。超低温（液氮）冻存是植物种质资源长期保存的重要手段，虽需针对特定物种进行技术优化，但在实际应用后最为节省空间，且只需定期补充液氮，极大降低了种质资源长期保存过程中的人力物力投入。经过半个多世纪的发展，植物超低温保存技术现已在种子、茎尖、花粉等多种类型材料上实现冷冻后成活与再生。为系统总结并全面介绍超低温保存技术在热带作物种质资源安全保存和农业科技发展中的应用，本综述以休眠茎段和试管苗茎尖的超低温保存为主线，回顾了植物超低温保存的研究历史与技术发展，侧重介绍了超低温保存技术在热带作物茎尖、种子（胚）、花粉、细胞悬浮系和愈伤组织中的研究进展；同时也对热带作物超低温保存后遗传稳定性评价研究进行介绍，展望了超低温保存在热带作物茎尖、顽拗性种子和胚性愈伤组织和细胞等材料长期保存中的重要作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tropical region is rich in plant genetic diversity with great demand for the safe preservation of plant germplasm resources. Cryopreservation [with liquid nitrogen(LN)] is an important method for the long-term preservation of plant germplasm resources. Although cryopreservation protocol often requires optimization for different species, it ensures the use of minimum space and the regular LN supply to facilitate the long-term preservation of genetic resources once established, thereby greatly reducing the labor input and costs in the long run. The cryogenic technique has been studied for more than half a century and has achieved survival and regeneration of plant materials such as seeds, shoot tips and pollen, as well as cell suspension and callus tissue after cryopreservation. To fully introduce the use of cryopreservation to secure valuable tropical plant species and support the development of tropical agricultural sciences, this review first focuses on the shoot tip and dormant shoot segment cryopreservation to review the research history and technological development of plant cryopreservation. The research advances of cryopreservation in tropical plant species were emphasized using shoot tips, seeds(zygotic embryos), pollen, cell suspension, and callus. The importance of genetic stability analysis after cryopreservation was also introduced before highlighting the importance and prospects of applying cryopreservation for long-term preservation of shoot tips, recalcitrant seeds, and embryogenic tissues and cells of tropical crops.更多还原