【摘要】 近数十年来，民族学和语言学家研究者在四川西部地区发现了诸多人口较少的特殊人群，其语言构成了新的羌语支、纳语支、嘉绒语支和尔苏语支。其中，除聚集于四川西北部的现代羌族外，普米族、贵琼人、木雅人、却域人和扎坝人主要分布在四川西南部和云南北部，构成南部羌语支人群。普米族人群的父系祖源可归为四类，即继承自主要始祖群体远古羌人的成分、形成过程中与更早时期南迁至横断山区的藏缅语人群后裔的混合成分、形成后近两千年来与周围彝族、纳西族、阿昌族和独龙族等人群的混合成分、来自北方草原游牧人群的成分和历史时期的晚近混合成分。对比考古学研究，商代中期至秦汉以前雅砻江、大渡河及金沙江上游地区以吉里龙和卡莎湖等遗址为代表的考古学文化很可能是南部羌语支人群祖先创造的考古遗存。南部羌语支形成的多个阶段与河湟-河曲地区考古学文化变迁及多波次南迁相关。解析南部羌语支人群自史前时期以来的形成过程，助益未来进一步揭示青藏高原及全体藏缅语人群的形成史。更多还原

【Abstract】 Over the past few decades, ethnographic and linguistic fieldwork in western Sichuan has uncovered numerous small populations whose languages define the newly recognized Qiangic, Naic, Gyalrongic and Ersuic branches; among these, the Pumi, Guiqiong, Muya, Queyu and Zhaba peoples-concentrated in south-western Sichuan and northern Yunnan-constitute the Southern Qiangic cluster, whereas modern Qiang is restricted to the north-west. Pumi paternal ancestry can be partitioned into four components: a legacy from ancient Qiang founders,admixture with descendants of earlier Tibeto-Burman groups that had migrated south into the Hengduan ranges, subsequent gene flow with surrounding Yi, Naxi, Achang and Dulong peoples during the past two millennia, and a contribution from northern steppe pastoralists mixed with more recent historical mixtures. Comparison with archaeological data indicates that the mid-Shang to pre-Qin-Han cultural horizon represented by the Jililong and Kashahu sites in the upper Yalong, Dadu and Jinsha basins was most probably created by the ancestors of these Southern Qiangic peoples. The multi-stage formation of this cluster aligns with successive archaeological shifts and multi-wave southward migrations from the Huangshui-Hequ region, and elucidating its trajectory since prehistory will illuminate the deeper history of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and of all Tibeto-Burman peoples.更多还原