【摘要】 本文围绕油田开采过程中采油废水资源化利用问题，通过实验室模拟实验，以球拟假丝酵母菌（Starmerella bombicola）O-13-1为生产菌种，探究以采油废水制备槐糖脂生物表面活性剂并作为回注水的可行性，分析了降解前后废水中残留的原油组分和表面张力变化，通过透射电镜观察菌细胞结构的变化，应用高效液相色谱-质谱（HPLC-MS）联用仪鉴定了所产生物表面活性剂的结构。结果表明，在10 d的降解时间内，废水中含油浓度为0.8%、0.5%和0.3%（质量体积比）的体系中，油降解率分别为18.0%、16.9%和11.9%,其中正构烷烃(C₁₇—C₂₈)的降解率分别为7.0%～12.8%、17.9%～44.0%和4.5%～27.7%。降解过程中，S.bombicola细胞内出现明显的脂质内容物，废水的表面张力大大降低，产生表面活性剂类物质，由11种乙酰基取代的含有17-L-羟基十八烯酸、十八碳二烯酸或十八烷酸等酸型和内酯型槐糖脂同系物构成。上述结果表明，S.bombicola可在降解废水中油污染物的同时合成槐糖脂类生物表面活性剂，进一步深度处理可作为回注水资源化利用。更多还原

【Abstract】 With most oil fields entering the middle and late stage of exploitation, water flooding has become one of the main oil recovery operations, and the discharge of oil production wastewater has been increasing, which not only causes serious environmental pollution, but also leads to waste of water resources. Focusing on the resource utilization of oil production wastewater in the process of oilfield exploitation, the feasibility of preparing sophorolipid biosurfactant from oil production wastewater and using it as reinjection water was explored through laboratory simulation experiments with Starmerella bombicola O-13-1 as the production strain. The composition and surface tension of residual crude oil in wastewater before and after degradation were analyzed. The changes of bacterial cell structure were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The structure of surfactants was identified by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry（HPLC-MS）. The results showed that the degradation rates of oil were 18.0%, 16.9% and 11.9%, respectively, in the systems with oil concentrations of 0.8%, 0.5% and 0.3% in wastewater within 10 days. The degradation rates of normal alkanes(C₁₇—C₂₈) were 7.0%～12.8%, 17.9%～44.0% and 4.5%～27.7%, respectively. During the degradation process, there were obvious lipid contents in S. bombicola cells, the surface tension of the wastewater was greatly reduced, and surfactant substances were produced, consisting of acid-type sophorolipid and lactone-type sophorolipid homologs containing 17-L-hydroxy-octadecenoic acid, octadecadienoic acid or octadecanoic acid substituted by 11 acetyl groups. These results indicated that S. bombicola degrade oil pollutants in wastewater and synthesize sophorolipid biosurfactants, which could be used as reinjection water resources after further treatment.更多还原