【摘要】 当前农村住宅以砖混结构为主，基本为农民自建房，没有按专业标准进行设计和建造，外围护结构传热系数过大，运行能耗偏高.农村住宅保有量大，对其实行绿色化改造，对国家全面贯彻节能减排、绿色低碳战略具有重要意义.绿色化改造的基本原则是降低外围护结构的传热系数，其部位主要包括外墙、屋顶和外窗.通过在屋顶和外墙增设保温层、更换外窗等措施，可有效降低3种围护结构的传热系数，减小外围护结构的热工能耗，达到绿色化改造的目的.从住宅全生命周期来看，综合权衡运行节能和一次性投资，若既考虑夏天制冷又考虑冬天采暖，屋顶、外墙和外窗均应改造，若仅考虑夏天制冷，则仅改造屋顶和外窗更加合理.更多还原

【Abstract】 Existing rural housing stock is primarily constituted of self-built brick-concrete structures, which are characterized by an absence of professional design and construction standards.This results in excessive heat transfer coefficients(U-values) of the building envelope and elevated operational energy consumption.In view of the substantial quantity of rural residences, the implementation of green retrofit measures is imperative in order to advance China’s national strategies of energy conservation, emission reduction, and low-carbon development.The fundamental principle of green retrofit is predicated on the reduction of the U-values of the building envelope components, with a particular emphasis on exterior walls, roofs and fenestration.Through the implementation of targeted interventions, such as the addition of insulation layers to roofs and walls, and the upgrading of windows, there is potential to enhance the thermal performance of these envelope elements to a considerable extent.This, in turn, has the capacity to reduce heating and cooling loads, thereby facilitating the achievement of sustainability objectives.From a life-cycle cost perspective, it is recommended that a comprehensive retrofit of all three elements be considered when evaluating the demands of summer cooling and winter heating.In regions where cooling is the primary concern, a more cost-effective approach may be to prioritize roof and window upgrades.更多还原