【摘要】 非二氧化碳温室气体对于气候变化的影响不容忽视，其排放核算是全球气候治理的重要基础。污水处理行业作为继能源、交通和建筑之后的下一个工业脱碳重点领域，其减排具有重要意义。然而，该行业在非二氧化碳温室气体排放核算方面仍属研究最薄弱、数据最匮乏的领域之一。本文从核算方法、核算范围和核算边界3个角度系统梳理了国内外污水处理行业非二氧化碳温室气体排放核算的研究进展，归纳了当前污水处理行业温室气体排放核算面临的多重挑战，包括实测数据不足、核算范围局限、气候变化干扰以及工艺与运行差异带来的核算不确定性。针对这些挑战，需要增加设施级监测样本、推动全范围核算、开展气候变化对核算的影响机制研究以及促进污水处理厂智能化管理。本文进一步提出了推广低碳处理技术、实现能源中和、推动城市排水系统协同运作等多项减排路径，为行业实现低碳转型提供了理论支撑与实践方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 The impact of non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gases on climate change cannot be ignored, and the accounting of their emissions is an important basis for global climate governance. The wastewater treatment industry, as the next key area for industrial decarbonization following energy, transportation and construction, making its emission reductions critically significant.However, this industry remains one of the areas with the weakest research and the most scarce data in the accounting of non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gas emissions. This paper systematically reviews the research progress of non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gas emission accounting in the domestic and international wastewater treatment industry from three perspectives: accounting methods, accounting scope and accounting boundaries. It summarizes that the current greenhouse gas emission accounting in the wastewater treatment industry faces multiple challenges. This includes insufficient measured data, limited accounting scope, interference of climate change on emission estimation and accounting uncertainties brought about by differences in processes and operations. In response to these challenges, it is necessary to increase the monitoring samples at the facility level, promote full-scope accounting,conduct research on the impact mechanism of climate change on accounting and facilitate intelligent management of wastewater treatment plants. This paper further proposes multiple emission reduction paths, such as promoting low-carbon treatment technologies, achieving energy neutrality and promoting the coordinated operation of urban drainage systems, providing theoretical support and practical directions for the industry to achieve low-carbon transformation.更多还原