【摘要】 在现代智慧水产养殖过程中，鱼类异常行为的实时监测对于提升养殖管理水平、降低群体疾病风险和优化饲料投放具有重要意义。针对鱼类异常行为检测中常见的图像模糊、环境背景复杂、行为类型多样以及算法精度与效率难以兼顾等问题，提出了一种基于改进YOLO 11架构的高鲁棒性检测模型YOLO 11-AB。该模型在主干网络中引入多尺度卷积模块C3k2＿PKI Module,增强了对不同尺度行为特征的感知能力；在特征提取阶段集成了轻量级混合局部通道注意力机制(MLCA),有效融合通道与空间信息，提升了网络特征表达效果；在模型颈部结构中，采用基于超图的跨层级表征网络(HyperC2Net)与混合聚合网络(MANet),进一步强化了对复杂水下场景中异常行为特征的捕捉和判别能力。试验结果显示，该模型在检测精确率、计算效率和分类性能方面均较传统方法有显著提升，精确率提高3.3个百分点，召回率提高5.9个百分点，平均精确度提升4.4个百分点。该方法可为高密度工厂化养殖中鱼类疾病的早期预警与管理决策提供技术支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 Real-time monitoring of abnormal fish behaviors plays a crucial role in enhancing management efficiency, reducing disease risk, and optimizing feed strategies in modern intelligent aquaculture. To address challenges such as image blurring, complex backgrounds, behavioral diversity, and the trade-off between detection accuracy and computational efficiency, a robust detection model, YOLO 11-AB, was presented based on an improved YOLO 11 architecture. The model incorporated a multi-scale convolution module(C3k2＿PKI Module) in the backbone network to enhance perception of behavioral features at various scales. A lightweight mixed local channel attention(MLCA) mechanism was integrated into the feature extraction stage to effectively fuse channel and spatial information, thereby improving feature representation. Additionally, the neck of the model adopted a hypergraph-based cross-level representation network(HyperC2Net) and a mixed aggregation network(MANet), further strengthening the detection and discrimination of abnormal behaviors in complex underwater environments. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed model achieved significant improvements in detection accuracy, computational efficiency, and classification performance, with a 3.3 percentage points increase in precision, a 5.9 percentage points increase in recall, and a 4.4 percentage points increase in mean average precision compared with traditional methods. This approach provided technical support for early warning and management of fish diseases in high-density factory aquaculture, offering practical value for enhancing efficiency and promoting the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry.更多还原