【摘要】 针对油菜带状微垄联合直播机高速作业时易产生犁间土壤堵塞、阻力骤增、通过性变差等问题，分析了关键部件浅耕犁组对土壤的破坏形式和阻力来源，构建了阻力模型并引入反映土壤流动状态和堵塞风险的通过性系数，通过不同作业速度下的浅耕犁单体田间试验，分析了土壤动态响应指标，确定了阻力模型修正系数并为犁组配合尺寸提供依据；开展犁组田间试验，分析了作业速度和安装间距对通过性系数和起垄断条率的影响，通过中心复合试验确定了通过性系数与速度及安装间距间的关系，当通过性系数小于等于0.55时，起垄断条率小于等于5%,在保证机具通过性的前提下油菜高速带状微垄联合直播机浅耕犁组适宜安装间距为1 000 mm。开展了作业速度10、12 km/h的整机田间试验并采用三维激光扫描技术对作业后垄形分析处理，结果表明：在阻力模型和通过性系数指导条件下，垄形稳定，作业后微垄种床无断条情况，垄高平均值分别为138.2 mm和141.4 mm,垄距平均值分别为423.6 mm和426.5 mm,垄高及垄距变异系数均不大于4.96%,表明浅耕犁组通过性能和成垄性能好，出苗效果良好，说明微垄种床满足油菜种植农艺要求。研究结果可为机具动力匹配和犁组配置优化提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 In response to issues such as soil blockage between plows, sudden increases in resistance, and poor maneuverability during high-speed operation of the rapeseed strip micro-ridge combined direct seeding machine, poor passability, and other issues, the soil disturbance patterns and resistance sources of the shallow plow group were analyzed, a resistance model was constructed, and a passability coefficient reflecting soil flow state and blockage risk was introduced. Through field trials of single shallow plow units at different operating speeds, the soil dynamic response indicators were analyzed, the resistance model correction coefficients were determined, and a basis for plow group coordination dimensions was provided. Field trials of the plow groups were conducted to analyze the effects of operating speed and installation spacing on the passability coefficient and ridge formation rate. Through central composite experiments, the relationship between the passability coefficient and speed and installation spacing was determined. It was clarified that when the passability coefficient was less than or equal to 0.55, the ridge formation rate was less than or equal to 5%. Under the premise of ensuring machine passability, the appropriate installation spacing for the shallow plow group of the rapeseed high-speed strip micro-ridge combined direct seeding machine was 1 000 mm. Field experiments were conducted at 10 km/h and 12 km/h, and three-dimensional laser scanning technology was used to analyze and process the ridge shape after operation. The results showed that under the guidance of the resistance model and passability coefficient, the machine had good passability, and there were no broken strips on the micro-ridge seedbed after operation. The ridge shape was stable, with average ridge heights of 138.2 mm and 141.4 mm, with average ridge widths of 423.6 mm and 426.5 mm, respectively. The coefficient of variation for both ridge height and width was no greater than 4.96%, indicating that the shallow plow group had good passability and ridge-forming performance. The satisfactory seedling emergence results demonstrated that the micro-ridge seedbed met the agronomic requirements for rapeseed cultivation. The research findings can provide references for optimizing machinery power matching and plow group configuration to enhance operational efficiency.更多还原