【摘要】 为满足小麦机械式精量播种需求，针对小麦种子因卵形结构导致精量排种器易卡滞，堆积种群互相交叉、架空的问题，设计了一种螺旋引导调姿促充式小麦精量排种器。在侧置型孔种槽入口处设置倾斜导种板与螺旋引导槽，构成螺旋引导型孔单元，引导小麦种子以稳定平躺姿态充入型孔种槽，减少因竖立姿态种子堵塞型孔口的现象。通过理论分析确定型孔单元数量与结构特征等关键零部件结构参数，分析螺旋引导结构对小麦种子充种过程受力情况，明确影响排种器性能的关键参数范围。运用离散元仿真软件对排种器工作过程进行仿真，开展三因素五水平正交旋转组合试验获取精量排种器的关键参数最优组合，结果为：倾斜导种板水平长度为17.5 mm,倾斜导种板倾角为23°,螺旋引导槽高度为5 mm。基于最优参数组合开展台架验证试验。结果表明，排种器工作转速为30～70 r/min时，仿真和台架试验合格率均高于90%,漏播率，重播率均低于5%。不同品种适应性试验的合格率均高于85%,漏播率、重播率均低于10%,满足小麦精量播种技术要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aiming to meet the demand of wheat mechanical precision seeding, solving the problem that the sowing and seeding of wheat seeds were easy to be stuck, and the accumulation populations were crossed and overhead due to the ovate structure of wheat seeds, a spiral-guided posture-adjusting and filling-promoting wheat precision metering device was designed. The inclined seed guide plate and spiral guide groove were set at the entrance of the side-type hole seed groove to form a spiral-guided hole unit, which guided the wheat seeds to fill the hole seed groove in a stable flat posture, and reduced the phenomenon that the seed was blocked by the vertical posture. Through theoretical analysis, the structural parameters of key components such as the number and structural characteristics of the hole unit were determined, and the stress of the spiral guide structure on the wheat seed filling process was analyzed, and the key parameter value range that affected the performance of the precision seed metering device was clarified. The discrete element simulation software EDEM was used to simulate the working process of the seed metering device, and the orthogonal rotation combination test of three factors and five levels was carried out to obtain the optimal combination of key parameters of the precision seed metering device. Specifically, the horizontal length of the inclined guide plate was 17.5 mm, the inclination angle of the inclined guide plate was 23°, and the height of the spiral guide groove was 5 mm. Based on the above optimal parameter combination, the bench verification test was carried out. The results showed that when the working speed of the seed metering device was 30～70 r/min, the qualified rate of simulation and bench test was higher than 90%, and the leakage rate and replay rate were lower than 5%. To further verify the adaptability of the seed metering device to different varieties of wheat, the adaptability test of different varieties was carried out. The qualified rate was higher than 85%, and the missed sowing rate and replay rate were lower than 10%, which met the technical requirements of wheat precision sowing.更多还原