【摘要】 南方丘陵山区地块小而分散，通常采用田间取泥育秧方式。机械化取泥虽可以降低成本、节省时间和劳动力，提高秧苗适应性，但由于水田硬底层和泥浆表面不平，作业参数难以动态调节，导致取泥量不稳定，难以实现连续田间取泥育秧作业。本文运用Matlab/Simulink建立取泥控制系统模型，以泥浆质量为控制目标，以取泥深度和螺旋输送器转速为被控变量，采用模糊PID控制方法设计取泥控制系统仿真模型，并进行仿真。仿真结果表明，当前进速度为0.15 m/s时，取泥控制系统储泥箱中泥浆质量稳定时间为18 s,超调量为0.125%。为验证取泥控制系统作业效果，搭建了基于位移传感器、压力传感器、倾角传感器和PLC1200控制器的取泥试验台架，以取泥装置前进速度、地面平整度为试验因素开展台架试验，试验结果表明，泥浆质量最大标准偏差为0.46 kg,最小标准偏差为0.21 kg,储泥箱最大泥浆质量为8.8 kg,最小泥浆质量为7.1 kg,作业过程中螺旋输送器前端未出现泥浆堆积，各项作业指标均满足田间取泥育秧装备作业要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the fragmented and small-scale fields of southern hilly regions, field-based mud collection is crucial for rice seedling cultivation. While mechanized mud collection can reduce costs, save time and labor, and improve seedling adaptability, challenges such as the hard underlying layer and uneven mud surface in paddy fields complicate dynamic adjustment of operational parameters. This results in unstable mud collection quantities and difficulties in achieving continuous field-based mud collection and seedling cultivation. A control system model for mud collection was developed by using Matlab/Simulink, targeting mud mass as the control objective, with mud collection depth and spiral conveyor speed as controlled variables, employing a fuzzy PID control approach. Simulation results showed that at a forward speed of 0.15 m/s, the mud mass in the storage tank was stabilized within 18 s, with an overshoot of 0.125%. To validate the system’s performance, a test rig equipped with displacement, pressure, and tilt sensors, and a PLC1200 controller was constructed. Experimental results indicated that the maximum standard deviation of mud mass was 0.46 kg, with a minimum of 0.21 kg; the maximum and minimum mud masses in the storage tank were 8.8 kg and 7.1 kg, respectively. The system effectively met field operational requirements, with no mud accumulation observed at the front end of the spiral conveyor. The successful implementation of this control system enabled more efficient and simplified rice cultivation. This system can provide a promising solution for improving agricultural productivity in fragmented and challenging terrains.更多还原