【摘要】 机械化插秧作业是水稻生产的重要环节，研究插秧机组技术参数随格田参数变化的定量规律，不仅可提高插秧机组作业效率，而且为确定不同插秧机组适宜作业格田条件和依据不同格田规模选择合适插秧机组型号提供理论依据。基于机组运行机理和实地调研结果，明确插秧机组作业方式及作业路径，建立插秧机组纯作业时间、加秧(肥)时间、转弯时间等参数计算模型，进而建立2种加秧方式下插秧机组时间利用率随格田参数变化的数学模型；采取多点多设备同步跟踪试验方法获取5种插秧机组的各项时间数据，依据所建模型及有效数据，采用Matlab 2020a模拟仿真得到两种作业方式下5种插秧机组时间利用率随格田长度、面积的变化规律，进而确定3种不同时间利用率下，各机组适宜作业单元格田长度和面积的耦合关系。研究表明，加秧次数是影响插秧机组时间利用率波动增大的主要因素；固定时间利用率条件下，当时间利用率分别为0.45和0.5时，机组适宜格田长度及面积均呈反比例关系耦合变化，当时间利用率为0.55时，机组适宜作业格田长度和面积呈多区域分布，且格田长度具有明显多段性；研究给出了3种时间利用率条件下各插秧机组适宜作业的格田参数特征值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mechanized transplanting is an important operation of rice production. Studying quantitative variation of transplanter technical parameter with pond parameters can not only improve transplanter operation efficiency, but also provide theoretical basis for determining suitable pond parameters for different transplanters and selecting appropriate transplanter for different pond scales. Based on transplanters operating mechanism and surveying results, transplanter operating modes and paths of transplanters were clarified. Mathematical model for transplanter time utilization rates varied with pond parameters under two seedling adding modes were established according to calculation models for pure operation time, seedling and fertilizer adding time, turning time, and other time parameters. The method of multi-point synchronous tracking measurement was adopted to obtain various time items of five typical transplanters. Based on the established models and tested time items, data sets of time utilization rates of five transplanters operating under two operation modes were calculated by using Matlab 2020a program, and then time utilization rate variations were analyzed with different scopes of pond length and area. Coupling relationships between pond length and area suitable for each transplanter at three different time utilization rates were determined as further conclusions. The results showed that seeding adding times was the key reason why transplanter time utilization rate fluctuantly changed with pond length and area. Pond length and area suitable for transplanters coupling varied inversely when time utilization rate equaled to 0.45 and 0.5, and distributed significantly in multiple regions and multi-segmented lengths when time utilization rate equaled to 0.55. The eigenvalues of pond parameters suitable for each transplanter at different time utilization rates were determined. The research results improved the theory of agricultural machinery units and provided theoretical and technical support for selecting suitable transplanter based on different pond parameters.更多还原