【摘要】 为缓解农业灌溉效率低下带来的节水压力，协调农业节水与粮食安全之间的矛盾，中国政府于2014年开始实施农业水价综合改革政策。现有研究主要关注农业水价变化对农业用水量和农业产出的影响，较少从农业技术进步和生产要素替代的视角探讨农业水价综合改革政策对粮食全要素生产率的影响。本文基于2012—2022年中国八大粮食主产省份205个县级行政区的面板数据，运用多期双重差分法，识别了农业水价综合改革政策对粮食全要素生产率的影响，并进一步探究了其作用机制。研究发现，农业水价综合改革政策显著提高了粮食全要素生产率。机制分析表明，政策主要通过增加有效灌溉面积、提高劳动力和农药的投入回报与降低农药和化肥的投入量等途径，对粮食全要素生产率产生正向影响。异质性分析表明，政策对西部地区和人均农业产值更低县域的粮食全要素生产率具有更大的促进作用。研究结论对深入实施农业水价综合改革政策，促进农业高效节水与推动农业绿色可持续发展具有重要的参考价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 To alleviate the pressure caused by low irrigation efficiency and reconcile the conflict between agricultural water-saving and food security,the Chinese government implemented a comprehensive agricultural water pricing policy(AWP) reform since 2014. Using a staggered difference-in-differences method,this study estimates the impact of the AWP reform on grain total factor productivity(TFP) based on panel data encompassing 205 counties in major grain production areas from 2012 to 2022. The results show that the AWP reform significantly improves the grain TFP. Further analysis reveals that irrigation area expansion,optimization of input structure,and enhancement of labor and pesticide returns are potential mechanisms contributing to this positive outcome. The findings highlight the role of the AWP reform in facilitating efficient agricultural water use and fostering sustainable agricultural development.更多还原