【摘要】 为开发新型高效、环境友好的光系统Ⅱ（PhotosystemⅡ，PSⅡ）除草剂，本研究系统综述了PSⅡ的三维晶体结构、电子传递机制以及除草剂的研究进展。结果表明：1)PSⅡ三维晶体结构的成功解析为光合作用机制的研究以及光合抑制剂的设计提供了坚实的结构基础。2)PSⅡ电子传递机制是指电子从放氧复合物OEC(Oxygen-Evolving Complex,OEC)位点到Q_B位点的完整电子传递链，蓝藻PSⅡ与特丁净（Terbutryne）复合晶体结构揭示了特丁净在PSⅡ上的精确结合模式及其抑制电子传递的分子机制。3）经典的PSⅡ除草剂根据作用模式可分为Ser264类和His215类，依据化学结构类型可分为三嗪类、脲类、脲嘧啶类、三嗪酮类、氨基甲酸酯类、酰胺类、腈类、哒嗪酮类、三唑啉酮类和苯并噻二嗪酮类。尽管它们具有优异的除草活性和选择性，但长期使用导致抗性及生态危害日益显著，亟需开发新型替代品种。4）针对传统PSⅡ除草剂存在的抗性及环境污染问题，已发现多种化学结构和作用位点新颖的先导化合物，均展现出良好的开发潜力。综上，本研究为新型高效、环境友好的PSⅡ除草剂的合理设计提供了重要的研究参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 To develop novel, highly efficient, and environmentally friendly photosystem Ⅱ(PSⅡ) herbicides, this review systematically summarizes recent advances in the three-dimensional( 3D) crystal structure of PSⅡ, its electron transport mechanism, and the progress in herbicide research. The results indicate that: 1) The successful elucidation of the 3D crystal structure of PSⅡ provides a solid structural foundation for understanding photosynthetic mechanisms and guiding the rational design of PSⅡ inhibitors. 2) The electron transport mechanism of PSⅡ involves a complete chain from the Oxygen-Evolving Complex(OEC) to the Q_B binding site. The binding model of terbutryn to the PSⅡ from Thermosynechococcus elongate reveals the precise binding mode of Terbutryne on PSⅡ and its molecular mechanism for inhibiting electron transfer. 3) Classical PSⅡ herbicides can be categorized into Ser264-type and His215-type based on their binding modes, and into triazines, ureas, uracils, triazinones, carbamates, amides, nitriles, pyridazinones, triazolinones, and benzothiadiazinones based on their chemical structure types. Despite their excellent herbicidal activity and selectivity, prolonged use has led to widespread resistance and ecological concerns, and there is an urgent need to develop new alternative varieties. 4) In response to the widespread resistance and environmental concerns associated with conventional PSⅡ herbicides, multiple lead compounds with novel chemical scaffolds and distinct binding sites have been discovered, all of which demonstrate significant developmental potential. Collectively, this study provides critical insights for the rational design of next-generation high-efficacy and eco-friendly PSⅡ herbicides.更多还原