【摘要】 厌氧氨氧化工艺凭借无需额外投加碳源、脱氮效率高、不涉及异养型的反硝化菌、降低了剩余污泥产量等优势，成为近年来市政污水处理的研究热点，但由于其反应基质亚硝态氮（NO₂^--N）在工艺运行中难以稳定获取，成为厌氧氨氧化工艺应用的一大挑战。因此，短程硝化（partial nitrification）作为厌氧氨氧化工艺的前端处理阶段，利用好氧氨氧化菌（AOB）获取NO₂^--N一直受到广泛关注，但由于市政污水低温低氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）的特性，不利于AOB稳定富集。本文基于这一问题简述了短程硝化关键功能微生物的分布、生长特性；总结了原位亚硝酸盐氧化菌（NOB）抑制策略；重点阐述近年来异位富集AOB的策略，分析目前基于异位富集AOB策略的短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化（partial nitrificationanammox,PN-A）工艺在市政污水处理方面的应用现状，并针对现状问题提出了急需攻破的技术瓶颈，为市政污水水质条件下短程硝化工艺实现工程化提供技术支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 The anaerobic ammonia oxidation（Anammox）process has become a prominent research hotspot in municipal wastewater treatment due to its advantages,such as no additional carbon sources,achieving high nitrogen r emoval efficiency,and reducing excess sludge production by not relying on heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria.However,a major challenge in the application of anammox process is the difficulty in consistently maintaining nitrite nitrogen（NO₂^--N） levels.Consequently,parti al nitrification,which precedes the anammox process,has gained significant attention for its ability to provide NO₂^--N through aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria （AOB）.Nevertheless,the low temperature and low ammonia concentration（NH₄⁺-N） in municipal wastewater make it challenging to stabilize AOB enrichment.This paper addresses these issues by summarizing the distribution and growth characteristics of key microorganisms involved in partial nitrification,reviewing in-situ strategies for inhibiting nitrite oxidizing bacteria （NOB）,focusing on recent strategies for ex-situ AOB enrichment,analyzing the current status of partial nitrification-anammox （PN-A） processes in municipal wastewater treatment,and identifying critical technical challenges that need to be addressed.This analysis aims to provide technical support for the engineering implementation of partial nitrification processes under municipal wastewater conditions.更多还原