【摘要】 针对宁夏引黄灌区春玉米氮肥过量和不合理施用现状，以先玉1225玉米品种为材料，研究不同施氮水平对春玉米产量和氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明，株高和穗位高随着施氮量的增加先升高后下降，茎粗随着施氮量的增高而增高。施氮0～360 kg·hm^-2时，籽粒产量随施氮量增加而增加；施氮420 kg·hm^-2时，籽粒产量会有所下降。施氮达到270 kg·hm^-2时，籽粒吸氮量达到183.81 kg·hm^-2；继续增加施氮量，籽粒吸氮不再显著增加。氮肥农学效率与氮肥偏生产力随施氮量的减少而增加，不同施氮水平下，各形态氮素淋失量随着施氮量的增加而增加，各形态氮素浓度随着收集淋失液次数的增加而降低，其淋失浓度峰值均在第一次收集到的淋失液。各处理氮素淋失中，硝态氮是其主要淋失形式。施氮360 kg·hm^-2可作为协调引黄灌区春玉米产量和环境安全的合理施氮量。更多还原

【Abstract】 In view of the current situation of excessive and unreasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer in spring corn in the Yellow River Irrigation Area of Ningxia, taking the Xianyu 1225 corn variety as the material, by setting four different nitrogen application levels, the effects of different nitrogen application levels on the yield and nitrogen absorption and utilization of spring corn were studied. The results show that the plant height and spike height first increase and then decrease with the increase of nitrogen application rate, while the stem diameter increases with the increase of nitrogen application rate. When nitrogen application rate was from 0 to 360 kg·hm^-2, the grain yield increased with the increase of nitrogen application amount. When nitrogen application rate was at 420 kg·hm^-2, the grain yield would decrease. When the nitrogen application reached 270 kg·hm^-2, the nitrogen uptake of the grains reached 183.81 kg·hm^-2. When the nitrogen application rate was further increased, the nitrogen absorption of the grains no longer increased significantly. The agronomic efficiency and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer increased with the decrease of nitrogen application rate. Under different nitrogen application levels, the leaching losses of various forms of nitrogen increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, while the concentrations of various forms of nitrogen decreased with the increase of the number of times the leaching loss liquid was collected. The peak leaching concentration was all in the leaching loss liquid collected for the first time. Among the various forms of nitrogen leaching, nitrate nitrogen was the main leaching form. Nitrogen application of 360 kg·hm^-2 can be regarded as a reasonable nitrogen application amount for coordinating the spring corn yield and environmental safety in the Yellow River Irrigation Area.更多还原