【摘要】 为探究施用不同处理方式粪肥对小麦生长、土壤理化及微生物的影响,评估物化促腐技术在畜禽养殖废弃物肥料化利用及农田土壤培肥方面的应用价值,通过小麦盆栽试验,分析不同处理小麦产量、土壤有机质、全氮等理化指标,脲酶、转化酶等酶活性,土壤微生物对碳源的利用能力,以及功能多样性等生物学特性。结果显示,与常规施肥(CF)相比,快腐粪肥RCMⅡ和RCMⅠ分别增产49.2%和41.6%。RCMⅡ和CCM可提升土壤有机质、全氮和速效磷含量,而RCMⅠ会导致土壤氮消耗。快腐粪肥能抑制脲酶活性,减少氮素损失,其中RCMⅡ持续增强土壤转化酶活性。鲜粪和快腐粪肥处理提升了土壤微生物碳源利用能力,且RCMⅡ的微生物功能多样性显著区别于其他处理。因此,快腐粪肥(特别是RCMⅡ)是一种既能促进作物高产,又能维持土壤健康的有效施肥策略,具有较好的推广应用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 To explore the effects of applying differently treated manure on the growth of wheat and the physical, chemical and microbial properties of soil, and to evaluate the application value of physicochemical decomposition promotion technology in the utilization of livestock and poultry breeding waste as fertilizer and the improvement of farmland soil fertility. Through pot experiments of wheat, the physical and chemical indicators such as wheat yield, soil organic matter, and total nitrogen, the activities of enzymes such as urease and invertase, the utilization capacity of soil microorganisms for carbon sources, and the biological characteristics such as functional diversity of different treatments were analyzed. The results showed that compared with conventional fertilization(CF), the fast-decomposing manure fertilizers RCMⅡ and RCMⅠ increased yield by 49.2% and 41.6% respectively. RCMⅡ and CCM could increase the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorus, while RCMⅠ would lead to soil nitrogen consumption. Fast-decomposing manure could inhibit urease activity and reduce nitrogen loss, among which RCMⅡ continuously enhanced soil invertase activity. The treatment of fresh manure and fast-decomposing manure enhanced the carbon source utilization capacity of soil microorganisms, and the microbial functional diversity of RCMⅡ was significantly different from that of other treatments. Therefore, fast-decomposing manure(especially RCMⅡ) is an effective fertilization strategy that can not only promote high crop yields but also maintain soil health, and it has good application and promotion value.更多还原