【摘要】 东北黑土地是我国最重要的粮食生产基地，长期高强度利用导致坡耕地面临侵蚀沟发育等结构性损毁和坡面黑土变薄、有机质下降等功能性衰退2大类退化问题。近年来，遥感技术在黑土坡耕地退化监测与灾害预警中受到广泛关注，展现出良好的应用潜力。系统综述了黑土坡耕地退化遥感监测与预警的研究进展，重点分析了坡耕地退化遥感指标体系与监测机理、侵蚀沟与坡面土壤退化监测方法以及退化预警模型。当前该领域监测技术正由单一信息提取向多模态融合发展，由静态表征向动态过程监测拓展，智能化监测需求迫切。在侵蚀沟深度反演和黑土厚度定量估测、坡面-沟道退化过程耦合分析方面仍存在关键技术瓶颈。未来应进一步完善黑土坡耕地退化理论框架与分类体系，发展多模态数据融合的坡沟一体化监测方法，构建数据驱动与退化规律知识驱动相结合的退化预警模型，实现黑土坡耕地退化的精准、智能监测，为主动防御型黑土地保护战略提供理论与技术支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 The black soil region of Northeast China is a critical grain-producing area, but long-term intensive cultivation has resulted in 2 major types of degradation on sloping cropland: structural degradation, exemplified by gully development, and functional degradation, including topsoil thinning and declining soil organic matter. In recent years, remote sensing technologies have gained increasing attention for monitoring degradation and issuing early warnings in this region, demonstrating substantial application potential. Recent progress in remote sensing-based monitoring and early warning of black soil sloping cropland degradation were systematically reviewed. The development of remote sensing indicators and mechanisms for degradation assessment, monitoring methods for gully erosion and hillslope soil degradation, and the construction of early warning models were mainly analyzed. Current monitoring techniques in this field were evolving from single-source information extraction towards multi-modal fusion and from static characterization towards dynamic process monitoring, with an urgent need for intelligent monitoring solutions. However, several key technical challenges remained, including quantitative inversion of gully depth, estimation of black soil thickness, and coupled analysis of hillslope-gully degradation processes. Future efforts should focus on refining the theoretical framework and classification system of black soil sloping cropland degradation, developing hillslope-gully integrated monitoring approaches based on multi-modal data, and establishing early warning models that integrate data-driven methods with process-based knowledge. These advances would support precise and intelligent monitoring of black soil sloping cropland degradation dynamics and offer theoretical and technological foundations for implementing proactive conservation strategies.更多还原