【摘要】 为了减少对被测试奶牛的额外应激，维持奶牛采食、饮水、挤奶、社交的常规生活节奏，实现食槽内剩余饲料的自动翻转倾倒、奶牛采食量高精度的测量，以及对奶牛个体、群体采食行为的监测，设计了一种集成奶牛身份识别系统、机电气自动控制系统、光电发射接收系统、气动系统、机械装置、称重系统、数据传输和统计分析系统7个部分的奶牛饲喂自动计量食槽。其机械装置由闸门、滑道、食槽等组成，与奶牛接触部件闸门材质为橡胶，闸门、滑道、牛栏上颈枷、食槽中心线重合，缩短奶牛与食槽距离，滑道与食槽间隙35 mm,食槽去除棱角内收；气动系统包括空气压缩机、直线和回转气缸、管路、控制阀体等；奶牛身份识别系统包括天线、阅读器等；光电发射接收系统抗阳光辐射，做防水处理；称重系统表面做氧化处理，防护等级IP65;数据传输和统计分析系统统计分析奶牛个体、群体的采食量变化情况、采食时间差异情况、采食行为习惯、饲料供应和消耗情况等。试验数据表明：奶牛身份识别频率134.2 kHz,阅读距离1.1～1.4 m,准确率100%;称重传感器最大称重质量300 kg,综合误差±0.06 kg;光电发射接收响应时间≤15 ms,可精确记录奶牛采食行为学参数，即平均日采食次数12.2次、平均日采食时间5.375 h、平均采食量48.235 kg。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to reduce the additional stress on the tested cows, maintain the routine life rhythm of the cows, for example feeding, drinking, milking and socializing, realize the automatic overturning of the feeding bin to empty the remainder feed in it, realize the high-precision measurement of the feed intake of the cows, and realize the monitoring of the feeding behavior of individual cows and groups.The feeding bin was designed by overall consideration and accurate position, it was composed of electric identification system, automatic control system, photoelectric transmission and receiving system, pneumatic system, mechanical device, weighing system, data transmission and statistical analysis system.The mechanical device was constituted of movable door, slideway, the feeding bin, etc. Partsin movable door of touching the cow was made of rubber. The center line of the movable door, slideway the stall and the feeding bin must be overlaped. To make the cows nearer the feeding bin, the distance between the slideway and the feeding bin was 35 mm. The corners of the feeding bin were removed for adductions.The pneumatic system included air compressor, linear and rotary cylinder, pipeline, control valve, etc.The electric identification system included antenna, reader, etc. The photoelectric transmission and receiving system had anti-sunlight radiation and waterproof treatment, the face of the weighing system had oxidation treatment, protection level was IP65.The computer management software system systemicly analyzed the change of feed intake, the difference of feeding time, habits of feeding behavior, feed supply and consumption of individual cows and groups.The experimental data showed radio frequency of identification was 134.2 kHz, reading distance was 1.1-1.4 m, precision was 100%. The maximum weighing was 300 kg, a comprehensive error was ± 0.06 kg.The response times of the photoelectric transmission and receiving were ≤15 ms.The datasthe feeding behaviorare accurately recorded: the average feeding frequency was 12.2 times per day, the average intake time was 5.375 h per day, and the average feed intake was 48.235 kg per day.更多还原