【摘要】 遏制动物性农产品养殖中违规使用抗菌药行为，是中国保障食品安全的长期任务。尽管政府对食品安全的监管投入不断提升，中国依然面临着动物性农产品抗菌药残留超标的严峻挑战，其中水产品是抗菌药违规使用的重灾区。本文构建纳入责任成本的损害控制生产函数，基于水产养殖户微观调查数据与中国水产品质量抽检大数据，使用固定效应模型和工具变量等识别策略，评估了政府抽检与供应链可追溯对水产养殖户抗菌药施用行为的影响及其机制。研究发现，政府抽检与供应链可追溯均可以通过监管威慑机制显著降低水产养殖户的抗菌药施用水平，并且两类规制的组合实施存在协同效应。异质性分析表明，供应链可追溯的采纳对养殖户减药行为的影响在较大规模或本地销售的养殖户中更为明显。本文认为，在落实产地监管的基础上，辅以供应链追溯手段，提高跨区域产销衔接水平，有助于强化水产品源头治理能力，保障以用药减量为内容的食品安全。更多还原

【Abstract】 Curbing the illegal use of antimicrobial in animal husbandry is a long-term task for China to ensure food safety.Despite the continuous increase of government supervision on the input in food safety, China still faces severe challenge of excessive antimicrobial residues in animal food, and aquaculture is the hardest hit area for illegal use of antimicrobial.This study constructs a damage-abatement production function with responsibility costs.Based on the micro-survey data of aquaculture farmers and the big data of China’s aquatic food quality sampling inspection, the fixed effect model and IV identification strategies are employed to evaluate the effects and mechanism of government inspections and supply chain traceability on the antimicrobial application behavior of aquaculture farmers.This study finds that both government inspections and supply chain traceability can significantly reduce the intensity of antimicrobial input of aquaculture farmers through regulatory deterrence mechanisms.Further analysis finds that the combined implementation of government inspections and supply chain traceability regulations has a synergistic effect.Heterogeneity analysis shows that the effects of supply chain traceability on farmers’ behavior of reducing the input of antimicrobial is more obvious among farmers with larger scale or local sales.This study believes that on the basis of implementing origin supervision, supplemented by supply chain traceability, improving the level of cross-regional production and marketing connection will help strengthen the source supervision of aquatic food and ensure food safety with the reduction of antimicrobial input as the content.更多还原