【摘要】 “八股文”是一个俗称，它是明代制义文发展到一定阶段之后的一种常见的文体格式，与八股格式同时并存的还有其他各种格式，不仅有两扇文、四股文、六股文、十股文等偶股文，而且还有三股文、五股文、七股文、九股文等奇股文。奇股文与偶股文并存的局面，自明初一直保持到清末。奇股文的形成，首先是因为题型对制义结构的形成具有先导优势。其次，在“顺题挨讲”写作理念的支配下，面对奇扇题型，容易形成奇股文。奇股文在修辞形式上的特点是排比，《明史》所说的“体用排偶”，这个“排”字必须引起我们重视。嘉靖以来，出现了化解奇扇题的修辞理念，把奇扇题仍然写成八股格式，这种化解理念，或者出于对骈偶修辞传统的坚守，或者受“以我驭题”的时代思潮的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 The term “Ba Gu Wen” or "eight-section essay" is a generic name referring to a common stylistic format that emerged during the development of Ming-dynasty imperial examination essays. Alongside the eight-section format, various other formats coexisted, including not only evennumbered section essays such as two, four, six and ten section essays but also odd-numbered section essays such as three, five, seven and nine section essays. The coexistence of odd-section and evensection essays persisted from the early Ming dynasty until the late Qing dynasty. The formation of odd-section essays can be attributed, first and foremost, to the guiding influence of question types on the structure of examination essays. Additionally, under the writing principle of "following the question sequence in exposition," odd-section essays were more easily formed when addressing odd-section question types. A distinctive feature of odd-section essays in terms of rhetorical form is parallelism. The term "parallelism" mentioned in The History of Ming must be given due attention. Since the Jiajing era, rhetorical strategies emerged to reinterpret odd-section questions, adapting them into the eight-section format. This approach to reinterpretation may have stemmed either from a steadfast adherence to the tradition of parallel rhetoric or from the influence of contemporary intellectual trends advocating "mastering the question through one’s own understanding."更多还原