【摘要】 奥尔多·利奥波德的土地伦理思想已为人们熟知，然而细考相关著述与资料就可发现，他晚年开始以生态思维探究人与土地的关系，并努力构建一种符合生态主义原则的土地经济思想，同时认为土地伦理可补充和指导土地经济思想，但不能替代土地经济思想。利奥波德的土地经济思想是多学科的理论讨论与丰富的资源管理实践共同孵化的产物，有着一个清晰的摆脱功利主义影响、从保护经济转向生态经济的思想发展过程。在理论方面，利奥波德强调土地共同体、土地价值的多元化与功能分区等内容；在实践方面，利奥波德主张通过经济激励、政府管制、土地伦理改变私人土地所有者的行为激励结构。通过分析利奥波德的土地经济思想如何从资源保护主义逐步演化到具有生态意识，既可以系统剖析其思想图谱全景，也可为我们理解经济发展与环境保护的关系提供一定启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aldo Leopold’s land ethic has long been widely recognized, yet a closer examination of his related writings and materials reveals that in his later years, he began to contemplate the relationship between humans and the land through an ecological lens, striving to develop a land economy theory aligned with ecological principles. He argued that land ethics could complement and guide land economy but could not replace it. Leopold’s land economy theory emerged from interdisciplinary theoretical discussions and extensive resource management practices, featuring a clear ideological evolution:breaking away from the influence of utilitarianism and transitioning from conservation economy toward ecological economy. Theoretically, Leopold emphasized the land community, the multiplicity of land values, and functional zoning; in practice, he argued for changing the incentive structure of private landowners through a combination of economic incentives, governmental controls, and the cultivation of a land ethic. By analyzing how Leopold evolved from resource protectionism toward an ecologically conscious land economic philosophy, we can not only comprehensively map his intellectual framework but also gain new insights for understanding the relationship between economic development and environmental conservation.更多还原