【摘要】 为探究6061-T651铝合金板材残余应力分布及其对加工变形的影响，采用裂纹柔度法研究了中国国内两家制造商生产的厚度为75 mm的6061-T651铝合金板材的残余应力特性。结果表明，两种板材均呈现高度一致、沿厚度方向对称的“M”形残余应力分布特征，表现为表面层受压、芯部受拉。所有试样的应变能密度范围为1.27 kJ/m~3至1.43 kJ/m~3。基于实测残余应力进行的航空整体结构件加工变形仿真显示，不同来源材料导致的最终变形差异极小，试样间最大偏差仅为0.009 mm。本文研究结果为航空航天制造中的材料选择和变形控制提供了参考数据。更多还原

【Abstract】 To investigate the residual stress distribution and its influence on machining deformation in 6061-T651aluminum alloy plates, this paper uses the crack compliance method to study the residual stress characteristics of 6061-T651 aluminum alloy plates with a thickness of 75 mm produced by two domestic manufacturers in China. The results indicate that both types of plates exhibit highly consistent and symmetrical M-shaped residual stress profile along the thickness direction, manifested as surface layer compression and core tension. The strain energy density across all specimens ranges from 1.27 kJ/m~3 to 1.43 kJ/m~3. Machining deformation simulations of an aerospace component incorporating these measured stresses showed minimal final deformation difference between the material sources, with a maximum deviation of only 0.009 mm across specimens. These findings provide critical data for material selection and deformation control in aerospace manufacturing.更多还原