【摘要】 随着低空经济的蓬勃发展，低空飞行运行规模持续扩大，对高效、可靠通信网络的需求日益迫切。现有通信技术难以满足低空经济在广域覆盖、高速移动和多样化业务上的苛刻要求，亟需构建与之匹配的新型专用网络体系。本文首先从低空通信的技术背景与独有挑战出发，分析了其在高动态复杂信道建模、三维移动性管理、智能感知避障、多业务服务质量保障和频谱共享等方面的难点；其次，从网络体系架构演进和低空通信关键技术发展两个维度出发，系统阐述了空天地一体化组网、智能波束成形、动态资源管理等核心技术的原理与现状；最后，探讨了通感算一体化、智能内生安全等未来技术发展趋势，以期为构建下一代低空通信网络提供理论参考和技术支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of the low-altitude economy, the scale of low-altitude aircraft operations continues to expand, and the demand for efficient and reliable communication networks is becoming increasingly urgent. Current communication technologies fail to meet the stringent demands of lowaltitude applications in terms of wide-area coverage, high-mobility support, and diverse service provisioning. This stark disparity necessitates the development of a novel, dedicated network architecture. This paper begins by elucidating the technical background and unique challenges inherent to low-altitude communication, addressing critical issues such as the modeling of high-dynamic complex channels, three-dimensional mobility management, intelligent sensing for obstacle avoidance, quality-of-service assurance for heterogeneous services, and efficient spectrum utilization. Subsequently, this paper provides a systematic exposition from two dimensions: The evolution of network architectures and the development of key technologies for lowaltitude communication. It delves into the principles and state-of-the-art of core solutions, including space-airground-integrated networking, intelligent beamforming, and dynamic resource management. Finally, this paper outlines promising research directions, such as integrated sensing and communication(ISAC) as well as native intelligence and security, with the aim of offering a theoretical foundation and technical insights for constructing next-generation low-altitude communication networks.更多还原