【摘要】 针对传统排气式气囊缓冲性能受限及主动控制技术复杂的问题，提出一种基于梯度材料调控的变口径多孔排气气囊，提升其缓冲性能与适应性。构建单孔、双孔及三孔排气结构仿真模型，采用显式瞬态算法求解气囊跌落冲击过程中的流固耦合作用，并通过试验验证其准确性。结果表明：优化变口径的三层参数可降低排气孔撑开时的撕裂风险，负载平台最大加速度较优化前降至14.9g，双孔与三孔气囊的峰值加速度较单孔设计分别降低32.2%和40.3%。三层变口径织物通过材料强度梯度变化实现应力分级承载，应力集中于第三层外围以及排气孔上端区域。研究结果揭示了变口径多孔结构对不同载重空投任务的适应性，为空投装备缓冲系统的轻量化设计与排气孔自适应调节提供了理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 To address the limitations of traditional vented airbags in cushioning performance and the complexity of active control, this study proposes a variable-caliber multi-hole vented airbag based on gradient material regulation, aiming to enhance cushioning efficiency and adaptability. Simulation models of single-, double-, and triple-vent structures are constructed, explicit transient algorithms are employed to solve fluidstructure interactions during impact, and its accuracy is verified through experiments. Results indicate that optimized three-layer parameters can effectively reduce the risk of tearing, with the maximum platform acceleration decreasing to 14.9g compared with that before optimization. Peak accelerations for double-and triple-vent designs are 32.2% and 40.3% lower than the single-vent model, respectively. Gradient-strength fabrics enables stress gradation, concentrating stress on the third-layer periphery and upper vent regions. This study demonstrates the adaptability of the variable-caliber multi-hole structure to airdrop missions with different load capacities, providing a theoretical basis for the lightweight design of the buffer system of airdrop equipment and the adaptive adjustment of vented holes.更多还原