【摘要】 越来越复杂的多层级功能需求给高安全机载软件的设计开发带来了重要挑战。本文给出了一个面向工程应用领域具有层次化语义特征的软件需求形式化建模与分析方法。首先，设计了一个层次化的形式化需求模型。层次化变量关系模型（Hierarchical variable relation model, HVRM）引入工程领域中典型的功能模块属性以及端口等概念来表达系统功能的层次化特征语义，同时也具备原有变量关系模型（Variable relation model,VRM）中基于表格形式的形式化语义，可表示包括条件型、事件型、多维度模式转换等多种类需求的语义信息。进而，基于需求的一致性完整性要求确立了VRM一致性完整性约束簇。其次，设计了一个将工程条目化需求建模为HVRM形式化需求模型的处理框架，并在一个机载软件需求工具平台（Hierarchical avionics requirement tools, HART）中进行了处理功能和需求追溯功能的实现和集成。最后采用某机型自动飞行系统中飞行模式转换软件逻辑需求进行了实例需求建模和模型分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 The increasingly complex multi-level functional requirements bring challenges to the design and development of safety-critical airborne software. A formal modeling and analysis method of software requirements with hierarchical semantic characteristics for avionics is proposed. Firstly, a hierarchical formal requirement model is constructed. Hierarchical variable relation model(HVRM) adopts the typical concepts, such as functional module attributes and ports in the engineering domain, to describe the hierarchical feature semantics of system functions, and it also has the formal semantics based on the table form in the original variable relationship model(VRM), which can represent the semantic information of various types of requirements, including conditional, event-based, and multi-dimensional modes transformation, etc.Especially, consistency and integrity constraints are established based on requirements consistency and integrity demand. Secondly, a processing framework is designed to model engineering itemized requirements into HVRM model, and the processing function and requirement traceability function are implemented and integrated in a hierarchical avionics requirement tools(HART), which is an airborne software requirement tool platform. Finally, taking an automatic flight control system as a case, the requirements of the flight mode logic function are modeled and analyzed.更多还原